miRNAs and Leukotrienes in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Li, Zhi; Fan, Panpan; Xu, Yueshi; Zhao, Dongchi

doi:10.3389/fped.2021.602195

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 135 publications

(153 reference statements)

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“…miRNAs play a crucial role in the contemporary molecular biological field as current studies drive the search of new frontiers. Numerous important studies see miRNAs as protagonists in various pathologies, such as psoriasis, skin and kidney tumors, in numerous autoimmune pathologies, in metabolic-syndrome associated with diabetes and in the expression of leukotrienes in course of viral infections, which has taken a leading role in recent years with the COVID-19 pandemic [ 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 ]. The present review supports new studies in order to better understand and classify the various miRNAs that have already studied in other pathologies of the oral cavity, in another context and to predict the possible differences of the OTM in patients with other periodontal diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA Modulation during Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Promising Strategy for Novel Diagnostic and Personalized Therapeutic Interventions

Cultrera

Santonocito

Ronsivalle

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The Orthodontic Tooth Movement (OTM) is allowed through a mediated cell/tissue mechanism performed by applying a force or a pair of forces on the dental elements, and the tooth movement is a fundamental requirement during any orthodontic treatment. In this regard, it has been widely shown that each orthodontic treatment has a minimum duration required concerning numerous factors (age, patient compliance, type of technique used, etc.). In this regard, the aim of the following revision of the literature is to give readers a global vision of principal microRNAs (miRNAs) that are most frequently associated with OTM and their possible roles. Previously published studies of the last 15 years have been considered in the PubMed search using “OTM” and “miRNA” keywords for the present review article. In vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials were mainly explored. Correlation between OTM and modulation of several miRNAs acting through post-transcriptional regulation on target genes was observed in the majority of previous studied. The expression analysis of miRNAs in biological samples, such as gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), can be considered a useful tool for novel diagnostic and/or prognostic approaches and for new personalized orthodontic treatments able to achieve a better clinical response rate. Although only a few studies have been published, the data obtained until now encourage further investigation of the role of miRNA modulation during orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study is to update the insights into the role and impact of principal micro-RNAs (miRNAs) that are most frequently associated during OTM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA Modulation during Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Promising Strategy for Novel Diagnostic and Personalized Therapeutic Interventions

Cultrera

Santonocito

Ronsivalle

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Previous data on mechanisms regulated by miRNAs suggest a likely role in RSV infection; miRNAs are involved in the regulation of immune and/or inflammatory pathways at different levels [ 19 , 20 , 21 ], and for this reason, studies in this area are needed to better elucidate the interaction between RSV and host, especially in the first month of life. In this context, gene regulation mechanisms could represent an innovative way to identify potential biomarkers of infection in order to develop antiviral therapeutics for certain diseases for which no real treatment is yet available, such as RSV infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Blood and Nasopharyngeal Swab MiRNA-155 Expression in Infants with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Savino,

Gambarino,

Dini

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Introduction. MicroRNA (miR) 155 has been implicated in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity as well as antiviral responses, but its role during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections is not known. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of miR-155 using pharyngeal swabs and peripheral blood in infants with RSV infection and uninfected controls. Methods. A prospective age-matched study was conducted in primary care in Torino from 1 August 2018 to 31 January 2020. We enrolled 66 subjects, 29 of them patients with RSV infection and 37 age-matched uninfected controls, and collected pharyngeal swabs and peripheral blood in order to assess miR-155 expression with real-time stem–loop–TaqMan real-time PCR. Results. The data show that there is no correlation between pharyngeal swabs and peripheral blood with respect to miR-155 expression. The 1/ΔCq miR-155 expression levels in throat swabs in RSV bronchiolitis patients and healthy controls were 0.19 ± 0.11 and 0.21 ± 0.09, respectively, and were not significantly different between healthy controls and bronchiolitis (p = 0.8414). In the peripheral blood, miR-155 levels were higher than those of healthy control subjects: 0.1 ± 0.013 and 0.09 ± 0.0007, respectively; p = 0.0002. Discussion. Our data provide evidence that miR-155 expression is higher in peripheral blood during RSV infection but not in swabs. This difference in the timing of sample recruitment could explain the differences obtained in the results; miR-155 activation is probably only assessable in the very early stages of infection in the swab and remains visible for longer in the blood. New investigations are needed in order to clarify whether the miR-155 expression in swabs can be influenced by different stages of virus disease of infants.

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“… 156 Likewise, using microarrays and high-throughput sequencing, microRNAs responsible for regulating inflammatory mediators produced by leukocytes were identified to be dysregulated in RSV-infected infants and contributes to airway hyperreactivity. 157 When evaluating inflammation in these patients, elevated levels of neutrophils were identified in the bronchoalveolar lavage in children with RSV-induced bronchiolitis. 158 Using paired transcriptomic analysis, specifically low-input RNA sequencing of neutrophils in sputum and blood from infants admitted in the ICU, this same study identified upregulation of neutrophil activation genes, IL-6, and NF-kB signaling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and biological consequences of respiratory syncytial virus genetic diversity

Guzman

Hultquist

2022

Therapeutic Advances in Infection

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common etiological agents of global acute respiratory tract infections with a disproportionate burden among infants, individuals over the age of 65, and immunocompromised populations. The two major subtypes of RSV (A and B) co-circulate with a predominance of either group during different epidemic seasons, with frequently emerging genotypes due to RSV’s high genetic variability. Global surveillance systems have improved our understanding of seasonality, disease burden, and genomic evolution of RSV through genotyping by sequencing of attachment (G) glycoprotein. However, the integration of these systems into international infrastructures is in its infancy, resulting in a relatively low number (~2200) of publicly available RSV genomes. These limitations in surveillance hinder our ability to contextualize RSV evolution past current canonical attachment glycoprotein (G)-oriented understanding, thus resulting in gaps in understanding of how genetic diversity can play a role in clinical outcome, therapeutic efficacy, and the host immune response. Furthermore, utilizing emerging RSV genotype information from surveillance and testing the impact of viral evolution using molecular techniques allows us to establish causation between the clinical and biological consequences of arising genotypes, which subsequently aids in informed vaccine design and future vaccination strategy. In this review, we aim to discuss the findings from current molecular surveillance efforts and the gaps in knowledge surrounding the consequence of RSV genetic diversity on disease severity, therapeutic efficacy, and RSV–host interactions.

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miRNAs and Leukotrienes in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Cited by 7 publications

References 135 publications

MicroRNA Modulation during Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Promising Strategy for Novel Diagnostic and Personalized Therapeutic Interventions

MicroRNA Modulation during Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Promising Strategy for Novel Diagnostic and Personalized Therapeutic Interventions

Peripheral Blood and Nasopharyngeal Swab MiRNA-155 Expression in Infants with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Clinical and biological consequences of respiratory syncytial virus genetic diversity

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