Mirror Neurons, Procedural Learning, and the Positive New Experience: A Developmental Systems Self Psychology Approach

Wolf, Nancy S.; Gales, Mary; Shane, Estelle; Shane, Morton

doi:10.1521/jaap.1.2000.28.3.409

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The neural substrate of emotional contagion has been greatly clarified with the discovery of mirror neurons—a subset of multimodal neurons (Gallese, Fadiga, Fogassi, & Rizzolatti, 1996; Rizzolatti & Arbib, 1998; Rizzolatti & Sinigaglia, 2008; see Wolf, Gales, Shane, & Shane, 2000). What we have learned is that by observing another's actions or even hearing them (audiovisual mirror neurons – Gallese, 2003), the same area of the brain becomes activated that would if we were performing that action ourselves.…”

Section: Emotional Contagionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking mechanisms: Emotional contagion, empathy, and imagery.

Arizmendi¹

2011

Psychoanalytic Psychology

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Deconstructing the emotional relationship between patient and therapist is certainly a formidable task. Using research results from experimental social psychology, psychophysiology, and developmental psychology, this essay focuses on the automatic processes of mimicry, emotional synchrony, and physiological synchronyall preludes to empathy. For the therapist to achieve an empathic posture, however, she must also imagine the perspective of the patient. Furthermore, to broaden and sharpen her empathic lens, she must tune in to the ubiquitous current of nonverbal communication that is part and parcel of the interactive treatment process. For these reasons, imagery proves to be a crucial element in the transition from simple attunement to empathy. A clinical vignette and a neuroscience perspective on image formation help illustrate the relationship between emotional contagion and imagery. It is suggested that there is a reciprocal relationship between the emotional ambience cocreated by the two participants and image formation. Sensorial images aid in the detection of gross emotional states as well as in the nuancing of their intensity. Affective ambience, on the other hand, seems to affect the selection of one particular image versus another.

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Section: Emotional Contagionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking mechanisms: Emotional contagion, empathy, and imagery.

Arizmendi¹

2011

Psychoanalytic Psychology

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“…Mirror neurons facilitate neural mimicking of the actions of others. Bastiaansen et al (2009 [72]) demonstrated that "observation of an action in another individual directly triggers the activation of matching neural substrates in the observer through which the action can be understood" (p. 2392, [73]). Mirror neurons, primarily located in the premotor cortex, may be the neurobiological underpinning of social engagement and interaction (Jeon and Lee, 2018 [74]), and crucial to attachment between child and parent.…”

Section: Treatment-resistant Depression and Complex Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized Clinical Strategies for Treatment-Resistant Depression: Integrating Ketamine Protocols with Trauma- and Attachment-Informed Psychotherapy

Muscat

Hartelius

Crouch

et al. 2022

Psych

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Strategically timed trauma- and attachment-informed psychotherapy to address underlying emotional wounds, paired with ketamine administered in precision-calibrated doses to ensure high-entropy brain states, may be key to improving the quality and duration of ketamine’s therapeutic efficacy for treatment-resistant depression. This approach optimizes the opportunities for change created by ketamine’s known effects as a rapid antidepressant that stimulates synaptogenesis, normalizes neural connectivity and coherence, enhances neuroplasticity, reduces inflammation, and induces high-entropy brain states with associated subjective psychedelic experiences. Ketamine, a non-selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist is a safe, effective, fast-acting dissociative anesthetic that, as a standalone treatment, also exhibits rapid sustained antidepressant effects, even in many patients with treatment-resistant depression. A prior history of developmental trauma and attachment injuries are known primary factors in the etiology of treatment resistance in depression and other mental disorders. Thus, the adjunct of targeted psychotherapy attuned to trauma and attachment injuries may enhance and prolong ketamine efficacy and provide an opportunity for lasting therapeutic change. Psychotherapy engagement during repeated ketamine sessions for patient safety and integration of altered states, paired with separate individualized psychotherapy-only sessions timed 24–48 h post ketamine induction, takes advantage of peak ketamine-induced dendritic spine growth in the prefrontal cortex and limbic system, and normalized network connectivity across brain structures. This strategically timed paired-session approach also exploits the therapeutic potential created by precision-calibrated ketamine-linked high-entropy brain states and associated psychedelic experiences that are posited to disrupt overly rigid maladaptive thoughts, behaviors, and disturbing memories associated with treatment-resistant depression; paired sessions also support integration of the felt sense of happiness and connectivity associated with psychedelic experiences.

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“…Since psychotherapy includes a further-ing of individual development, 211 all processes of development and maturation may be activated duringpsychotherapy: neuropeptide activation (oxytocin, vasopressin, substance P, endogenous opioids), and neurotransmitter activation in bonding and attachment, neuromirroring during empathic processes andstrong right lateralized representations as in early attachment. 12,13,[212][213][214][215][216] The transprocessing model and the brain Humans have the natural ability to interpret and reframe awareness of the present moment in the context of past experiences, while at the same time, retrieved memories, the remembering of the past, is incessantly remodeled in the context of present states of mind. This reworking of memories by means of reconsolidation stays at the foundation of one's capabilities for change.…”

Section: Synaptic Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Transprocessing: a proposed neurobiological mechanism of psychotherapeutic processing

Novac

Bota

2014

Mental Illness

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How does the human brain absorb information and turn it into skills of its own in psychotherapy? In an attempt to answer this question, the authors will review the intricacies of processing channels in psychotherapy and propose the term transprocessing (as in transduction and processing combined) for the underlying mechanisms. Through transprocessing the brain processes multimodal memories and creates reparative solutions in the course of psychotherapy. Transprocessing is proposed as a stage-sequenced mechanism of deconstruction of engrained patterns of response. Through psychotherapy, emotional-cognitive reintegration and its consolidation is accomplished. This process is mediated by cellular and neural plasticity changes.

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Mirror Neurons, Procedural Learning, and the Positive New Experience: A Developmental Systems Self Psychology Approach

Cited by 15 publications

References 52 publications

Linking mechanisms: Emotional contagion, empathy, and imagery.

Linking mechanisms: Emotional contagion, empathy, and imagery.

Optimized Clinical Strategies for Treatment-Resistant Depression: Integrating Ketamine Protocols with Trauma- and Attachment-Informed Psychotherapy

Transprocessing: a proposed neurobiological mechanism of psychotherapeutic processing

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