Miscanthus and flax as raw material for reinforced particleboards

Tröger, F.; Wegener, G.; Seemann, C.

doi:10.1016/s0926-6690(97)10017-6

Cited by 48 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In this context, plant fibres are very interesting for the reinforcement of polymermatrix composites, and among them flax occupies a special position. Indeed, flax is not a food plant and the fibres present good mechanical properties: the tensile strength r R is in the range 400-2000 MPa, ultimate strain e R is between 1.2 and 3 %, the Young's modulus E between 30 and 110 GPa (Baley 2002;Batra 1998;Beukers and van Hinte 2005;Davies and Bruce 1998;Ganster and Fink 1999;Van den Oever et al 2000;Oksman 2001;Sridhar et al 1982;Tröger et al 1998; Van de Velde and Kiekens 2001). The values for E-glass fibres are: r R = 3400 MPa, e R = 4.8 % and E = 73 GPa.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, flax fibres possess specific mechanical properties comparable to those of glass fibres, which make this fibre an interesting material for reinforcement in composite materials (Dittenber and GangaRao 2012;Yan et al 2014a). Thus, due to the low density of the flax fibres compared to synthetic fibres, lighter materials can be produced (*1.4 g cm -3 for flax fibre, *2.54 g cm -3 for glass fibre and *2 g cm -3 for carbon fibres (Baley 2002;Batra 1998;Davies and Bruce 1998;Ganster and Fink 1999;Tröger et al 1998). Mass saving is sought in many fields of applications such as automotive, nautical and aeronautic since it means energy saving.…”

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Investigation of the internal structure of flax fibre cell walls by transmission electron microscopy

2015

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is an open access repository that collects the work of Arts et Métiers ParisTech researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. Abstract The development of the use of flax fibre as reinforcement of eco-friendly composite materials requires a good knowledge of its hydrothermal and mechanical behaviours. To this end the fibre internal structure must be finely investigated. Transmission electron microscopy was used to analyse the morphology of the fibre cell walls in terms of the arrangement of the layers and their thickness. Thus, an alternative eco-friendly staining method, based on oolong tea extract was successfully implemented. The results reveal an arrangement at the nanoscale slightly different from the classical four layer model encountered in the literature: the inner layer includes three to four sub-layers. The cell walls comprises two outer layers of relative thickness of about 10 %, a middle layer of about 70 % and a group of thinner layers (called sub-layers) that are contiguous to the lumen with relative thickness of about 20 %.

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Investigation of the internal structure of flax fibre cell walls by transmission electron microscopy

2015

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“…Figure 16 Stress-strain curve at initial stain%. The stiffness of flax fibre reported by various researchers lies in the range between 12 and 85 GPa, and in terms of strength, it is between 600 and 2000MPa 25,44,[54][55][56][57] . GVT shows here the highest result wherein the initial fibre bundle stiffness calculated by Equation 1 is 72.67GPa, which is the highest among the currently published research papers that discuss unidirectional flax fibre reinforced epoxy composites 28,33,36,38,41 .…”

Section: Analysis Of the Composite Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibre architecture modification to improve the tensile properties of flax-reinforced composites

Rayyaan

Kennon

Potluri

et al. 2019

Journal of Composite Materials

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As far as the tensile properties of natural fibres as reinforcements for composites are concerned, flax fibres will stay at the top-end. However, an efficient conversion of fibre properties into their corresponding composite properties has been a challenge, due to the fibre damages done through the conventional textile methods utilised to process flax. These techniques impart disadvantageous features onto fibres at both micro-, and meso-level, which degrade the mechanical performances of flax fibre reinforced composites (FFRC). Undulation of fibre is one of those detrimental features that occur during traditional fibre extraction and fabric manufacturing routes. The undulation or waviness causes micro-compressive defects or 'kink bands' in elementary flax fibres, which significantly undermines the performance of FFRC. Manufacturing flax fabric with minimal undulation could diminish the micro-compressive defects up to a substantial extent. In this research, nonwoven flax tapes of highly aligned flax fibres, blended with a small proportion of PLA (Polylactic Acid) have been manufactured deploying a novel technique. Composites reinforced from those nonwoven tapes have been compared with composites reinforced with woven Hopsack fabrics and warp knitted unidirectional (UD) fabrics from flax that are comprised of undulating fibres. The composites reinforced with the highly aligned tape have shown 49% higher fibre bundle strength, and 100% higher fibre bundle stiffness in comparison with that of the Hopsack fabric reinforced composites. The results have been discussed in the light of fibre undulation, elementary fibre individualisation, homogeneity of fibre distribution, extent of resin rich areas, and impregnation of the fibre lumens.

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“…The interfacial interaction is important because the waste residues may have high strength and stiffness properties, but if the bonding between them is poor, then the inherent strength of the residue has no impact and the resulting composite exhibits poor mechanical properties (Zhang et al 2005;Ndazi et al 2006). Polymeric diphenyl methane diisocyanate (pMDI) resin has been shown to successfully bond with agricultural crops and plant residues, such as miscanthus, wheat straw, corn pith, and rice straw, to produce panels that meet the required standards for specific applications (Tröger et al 1998;Wang and Sun 2002;Mo et al 2003;Halvarsson et al 2010;Zhang and Hu 2014). Isocyanate resin cures rapidly and can be used in lower quantities (usually 3% to 6% mass resin loads) in comparison with UF and PF resins (6% to 14% mass resin load) (Frihart 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

Flax Shive and Hemp Hurd Residues as Alternative Raw Material for Particleboard Production

Sam-Brew¹,

Smith²

2017

BioResources

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Flax shive and hemp hurd residues were characterized, and the feasibility of manufacturing three-layered particleboards was evaluated using 2.5% and 5% polymeric diphenyl methane diisocyanate resin loadings. The flax shive and hemp hurd residues had lower bulk densities and higher aspect ratios compared with the wood residues. Their higher aspect ratios offered greater overlap in bonding, which led to consistently higher bending properties that exceeded the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) requirements for low-density (LD2) particleboard and, in some cases, medium-density (M2) particleboard. Because of their particle geometry, the flax shive and hemp hurd particleboards also showed minimal linear expansion with changes in the moisture content at 20 ± 3 °C and between 50% and 90% relative humidity. The high absorption capacity of the flax shive and hemp hurd residues resulted in higher thickness swell and water absorption properties than the wood residues. The results indicated that low-density flax shive and hemp hurd particleboards (500 to 620 kg/m 3 ) can be manufactured using isocyanate resin quantities as low as 2.5% to produce panels that conform to ANSI specifications with a greater mechanical performance than that of wood residue particleboards.

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Miscanthus and flax as raw material for reinforced particleboards

Cited by 48 publications

References 3 publications

Investigation of the internal structure of flax fibre cell walls by transmission electron microscopy

Investigation of the internal structure of flax fibre cell walls by transmission electron microscopy

Fibre architecture modification to improve the tensile properties of flax-reinforced composites

Flax Shive and Hemp Hurd Residues as Alternative Raw Material for Particleboard Production

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