Miscanthus, switchgrass, giant reed, and bulbous canary grass as potential bioenergy crops in a semi-arid Mediterranean environment

Nazli, Recep Irfan; Tansi, Veyis; Öztürk, Hasan; Kuşvuran, Alpaslan

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.08.090

Cited by 42 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Therefore, the results obtained suggest a better ash fusibility behavior for the biomass harvested during the later years of the study, as well as lower gaseous and aerosol emissions. The positive effect of crop age on the chemical characteristics of other grasses was previously documented [31,42,45,56,71]. Similar to our results, ash content reductions and higher SiO 2 /K 2 O and CaO/K 2 O ratios were found in 10-year-old giant reed crops in central Italy [42].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…As calorific values are known to be negatively correlated to ash content [43,70], the higher heating values found in our study are in line with the relatively lower ash contents that characterized this biomass. Our net calorific values are very close to those found for giant reed harvested in the fall (17.4 MJ•kg −1 ) and bulbous canary grass (17.2 MJ•kg −1 ), the latter in marginal land in a semi-arid Mediterranean environment in Turkey [31]. Lower net calorific values were found for wild populations of tall wheatgrass in Poland (15.8-17.0 MJ•kg −1 ), in connection with the elevated ash contents obtained for the biomass (78-170 g•kg −1 ) [41].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Martyniak et al [41] studied TWS and four wild populations of tall wheatgrass in Poland, reporting elevated ash contents for these grasses (78 g•kg −1 db for TWS and 100-170 g•kg −1 db for the wild populations). Nazli et al reported ash contents between 51 and 96 g•kg −1 db for other C3 grasses (giant reed and bulbous canary grass) and in the range of 31-60 g•kg −1 db for C4 grasses (miscanthus and switchgrass) in marginal land in Turkey [31]. It has been reported that air temperature, water availability, and rain distribution play an important role in affecting the biomass ash content [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-Term Yield and Quality Performance of Perennial Energy Grasses (Agropyron spp.) on Marginal Land

et al. 2020

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The cultivation of perennial grasses is one of the most desirable alternatives as energy feedstock, but it is difficult to achieve competitive yields under Mediterranean marginal conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of three cool-season grasses (Agropyron spp.) from an agronomic and energetic point of view by comparing the dry matter (DM) yields, rain use efficiency, chemical composition, and biomass quality over an eight-year period in Spain under marginal rainfed conditions. The tall wheatgrass (Agropyron elongatum (Host) Beauv.) cultivars, Alkar (4.8 Mg DM·ha−1) and Jose (4.7 Mg DM·ha−1), achieved the highest yields. Productions below 0.5 Mg DM·ha−1 were obtained when rainfall was lower than 150 mm between March and June. The biomass obtained from the tested grasses showed relatively high contents of ash, silicon, and alkali elements. Net calorific values ranged between 16.7 and 18.5 MJ·kg−1 db. Differences in the composition among species and cultivars are not likely to affect their combustion behavior from a practical point of view. The ash content, as well as the concentrations of K, S, Na, and Cl, tended to decrease over the years. The results offered would be very useful for the implementation of this type of crop in marginal land.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-Term Yield and Quality Performance of Perennial Energy Grasses (Agropyron spp.) on Marginal Land

et al. 2020

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“…A tiller density ranging between 800 to 1000 tillers m −2 is often reported as optimal in switchgrass for the control of weed pressure [35,36]. The adoption of irrigation should also be wisely considered in terms of management costs [11], but in semi-arid areas, like the southern part of the Mediterranean basin, it is often essential in order to achieve adequate yield, as extensively reported by [37][38][39]. The surveyed values for biomass yield in Greece were in line with those found in studies carried out under the same [4] or similar conditions [6,30,36] but generally lower than those reported by [13] in a 20-year trial in Alabama (USA), where precipitation during the growing season often exceeded 900 mm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Long-Term Productivity of Thirteen Lowland and Upland Switchgrass Ecotypes in the Mediterranean Region

et al. 2020

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Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) has been identified in the USA as an ideal biomass crop, in relation to its wide environmental suitability, mainly linked to the availability of both upland and lowland ecotypes, allowing the possibility of growing this species in most of the North American region. Switchgrass is conventionally grown for forage, but more recently, it has been considered as a model biofuel crop. Early European studies on switchgrass as a bioenergy crop started in the late 1990s, when a multi-location field trial was established in Greece (Aliartos) and Italy (Ozzano) to compare the productivity of 13 switchgrass genotypes, including upland (Carthage, Blackwell, Caddo, CIR, Forestburg, SU 94-1, Summer) and lowland (Alamo, Kanlow, Pangburn, SL 93-2, SL 93-3, SL94-1) genotypes. The scope was to identify the most suitable ecotype within each environment and, possibly, the best performing variety. The trials lasted 17 years (1998–2014) in Greece and 13 years (1998–2010) in Italy. While in Italy the trial was rainfed and unfertilized, in Greece, where the soil was marginal, drip irrigation was always applied, and the plots were fertilized regularly. The biomass yields in Greece, as averages across the 17 years, were similar for the lowland and upland varieties (11.5 vs. 11.1 Mg ha−1, respectively), while in Italy, as averages across the 13 years, the differences were relevant: 15.4 vs. 11.3 Mg ha−1 for lowland and upland, respectively. Alamo (lowland) was the most productive variety, both in Greece and Italy, with average annual yields of 12.7 and 16.6 Mg ha−1, respectively; CIR in Greece (10.1 Mg ha−1) and Forestburg in Italy (9.1 Mg ha−1) (both upland) were the least productive genotypes. The present results demonstrate the good suitability of switchgrass as biomass crop for the Mediterranean climate. Despite the very marginal soil (i.e., very shallow and with a sandy texture) in the Greek trial, the application of regular fertilization and irrigation produced biomass yields above 11 Mg ha−1 (grand mean) in the present 17-year-long study.

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“…Exploring four different energy cultures, Nazlia et al [27] have found that delayed harvesting of miscanthus, switchgrass, and giant reed also affect biomass changes. Namely, winter harvest leads to significantly lower moisture and ash contents, thus improving the quality of biomass for the combustion process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Harvest Season on the Fuel Properties of Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby Biomass as Solid Biofuel

et al. 2018

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Biomass obtained from cultivated energy crops is one of the raw materials with the highest potential in renewable energy production. Although such biomass can be used in production of lignocellulose bioethanol, it is currently mostly used as solid fuel for generating heat and/or electric energy via combustion processes. Calorific values, proximate and ultimate analysis, cell structure and micro- and macro-elements data are considered as basic parameters in the valorization of fuel properties during biomass combustion processes. Energy crops are cultivated with the aim to produce the largest possible quantity of biomass with minimal agro-technical inputs. One of these crops is Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby. Given the fact that the chemical composition of biomass is influenced by a number of agro-ecological and agro-technical factors, the aim of this work was to determine the fuel properties of Sida hermaphrodita biomass obtained from three different harvest seasons (autumn, winter and spring) and cultivated in the area of the Republic of Croatia. On the basis of these investigations it was possible to conclude that harvest delaying towards spring season had a positive impact on suitability of using biomass of Sida hermaphrodita in the combustion process, which primarily means significant lowering the contents of moisture (18.64%), ash (1.94%), and nitrogen (0.65%), but also means increasing the contents of fixed carbon (6.21%) and lignin (25.45%).

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Miscanthus, switchgrass, giant reed, and bulbous canary grass as potential bioenergy crops in a semi-arid Mediterranean environment

Cited by 42 publications

References 85 publications

Long-Term Yield and Quality Performance of Perennial Energy Grasses (Agropyron spp.) on Marginal Land

Long-Term Yield and Quality Performance of Perennial Energy Grasses (Agropyron spp.) on Marginal Land

Long-Term Productivity of Thirteen Lowland and Upland Switchgrass Ecotypes in the Mediterranean Region

Effect of Harvest Season on the Fuel Properties of Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby Biomass as Solid Biofuel

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