“…The capability of an observer to perceive depth and 3-D object shape from binocular disparity is a well-studied issue (Helmholtz, 1925;Ogle, 1950Ogle, , 1958 and constitutes the theoretical basis for modern techniques of 3-D vision (Okoshi, 1976;Trucco and Verri, 1999), as well as a basic skill used in photogeological analyses (Allum, 1966;Lattmann, 1992;Miller, 1992). In the common practice, this indirect estimation can be more accurate than a single direct measurement carried out with a compass, especially in the case of very rough and irregular planar surfaces that require the use of support discs with increasing diameters (Fecker and Rengers, 1971;Hoek, 1972;ISRM, 1981).…”