Miscibility Criterion in Polymer Blends and its Determination

Arrighi, Valeria; Cowie, J. M. G.; Fuhrmann, Steven; Youssef, Abdelsallam

doi:10.1002/9783527805204.ch5

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 201 publications

(176 reference statements)

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“…At an elevated temperature for a sufficiently long time, transesterification can take place between the two polyesters, resulting in enhanced miscibility [ 5 ]. Two criteria often used to evaluate the blend miscibility [ 6 , 7 , 8 ] include (1) phase morphology: whether it is homogeneous down to the molecular level; (2) glass transition temperature: whether a binary blend exhibits a single T g . The morphological investigation depends on the measuring points of the samples in scanning electron microscopy (SEM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of the Miscibility of PBAT/PLA Blends

2021

Polymers

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Designing polymer structures and polymer blends opens opportunities to improve the performance of plastics. Blending poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and polylactide (PLA) is a cost-effective approach to achieve a new sustainable material with complementary properties. This study aimed to predict the theoretical miscibility of PBAT/PLA blends at the molecular level. First, the basic properties and the structure of PBAT and PLA are introduced, respectively. Second, using the group contribution methods of van Krevelen and Hoy, the Hansen and Hildebrand solubility parameters of PBAT and PLA were calculated, and the effect of the molar ratio of the monomers in PBAT on the miscibility with PLA was predicted. Third, the dependence of the molecular weight on the blend miscibility was simulated using the solubility parameters and Flory–Huggins theory. Next, the glass transition temperature of miscible PBAT/PLA blends, estimated using the Fox equation, is shown graphically. According to the prediction and simulation, the blends with a number-average molecular weight of 30 kg/mol for each component were thermodynamically miscible at 296 K and 463 K with the possibility of spinodal decomposition at 296 K and 30% volume fraction of PBAT. This study contributes to the strategic synthesis of PBAT and the development of miscible PBAT/PLA blends.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of the Miscibility of PBAT/PLA Blends

2021

Polymers

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“…In contrast, elongated single or two separate transitions reflect partial miscibility and phase separation or immiscibility of polymers respectively. The comparison between thermal behaviors of different polymer blends with variable mixing is presented inFigure 2[38]. DSC thermograms for (a) a miscible blend (b) miscible blend close to phase separation (c) partially miscible blend close to complete immiscibility and (d) immiscible blend (Reproduced fromRef 38) …”

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confidence: 99%

Poly(lactic acid) blends in biomedical applications

Saini

Arora

Kumar

2016

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

438

258

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“…Hydrolytic and thermal degradation of polyester macromolecules is a major problem in the production of PET containing blends [18]. That problem in PET/engineering thermoplastic blends was primarily due to the fact that the polymer blend is processed at a temperature of about 260 °C or higher because PET has a high melting temperature which increases the rate of degradation of macromolecular chains [18,19]. The other problem was the incompatibility of components that can lead to weak interfacial interaction hence blends have weak mechanical properties as well [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That problem in PET/engineering thermoplastic blends was primarily due to the fact that the polymer blend is processed at a temperature of about 260 °C or higher because PET has a high melting temperature which increases the rate of degradation of macromolecular chains [18,19]. The other problem was the incompatibility of components that can lead to weak interfacial interaction hence blends have weak mechanical properties as well [19]. Therefore, focus of the experiment was waste based poly(ethylene-terephtalate) which was one of the raw materials of PET/engineering thermoplastic blends produced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remarkable Role of Experimental Olefin-Maleic-Anhydride Copolymer Based Compatibilizing Additives in Blends of Waste PET Bottles and Polyamide

Nagy

Varga

Kontos

et al. 2020

Waste Biomass Valor

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Over the past 50 years demand for plastics drastically increased worldwide resulting in plastic wastes causing serious environmental problems. The main market sector of European plastics industry is the packaging industry most of which are polyolefins and poly(ethylene-terephtalate). In the EU, 29.1 million tonnes of plastic waste were collected in 2018, of which 32.5% was recycled, 42.6% was recovered for energy, and 24.9% was landfilled (Plastics-the Facts, 2019). Although landfilling of collected waste in the EU is steadily declining, there is still too much unused waste. Polymer blends based on waste resources can solve the issues of recycling. The main purpose of the research was to produce polymer blends from waste based PET that have appropriate mechanical properties and rheological behaviour as well in order to find application areas where product requirements are not strict. Blends containing waste based PET were extrusion moulded and calenderd producing extrusion strings and films. Rheological and tensile properties of three types of PET/engineering thermoplastic blends (PET/PC, PET/PA and PET/ABS) were studied. Miscibility of components of the blends is limited leading to weak mechanical properties such as low tensile strength and/or elongation at break. Due to that phenomenon compatibilizing additives are also required. As compatibilizing additives olefin-maleic-anhydride copolymer based additives have been used in our experiments. Structure of additives differed from each other both in ratio and length of carbon chains of compounds linked to maleic-anhydride groups. Blends have been studied with PET content ranging from 10 to 90%. As an outstanding result improving of mechanical properties was achieved, for example almost 40% growth was observed in elongation at break of extruded 80/20 PET/PA blends in the presence of 0.2% compatibilizing additive compared to the sample without additive, meanwhile its strength has also improved. Graphic Abstract

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Miscibility Criterion in Polymer Blends and its Determination

Cited by 16 publications

References 201 publications

Prediction of the Miscibility of PBAT/PLA Blends

Prediction of the Miscibility of PBAT/PLA Blends

Poly(lactic acid) blends in biomedical applications

Remarkable Role of Experimental Olefin-Maleic-Anhydride Copolymer Based Compatibilizing Additives in Blends of Waste PET Bottles and Polyamide

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