Miscibility, Phase Morphology, Thermomechanical, Viscoelastic and Surface Properties of Poly(ε-caprolactone) Modified Epoxy Systems: Effect of Curing Agents

Parameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar; Sidhardhan, Sisanth Krishnan; Jose, Seno; Hameed, Nishar; Salim, Nisa V.; Siengchin, Suchart; Pionteck, Jürgen; Magueresse, Anthony; Grohens, Yves

doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.6b01713

Cited by 28 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…However, the samples containing more PCL showed a slightly higher value. This result evidenced that there was a high interaction between the epoxy and PCL that hindered the crystallinity of the latter, which was in accordance with literature data where this blend is described as miscible [37].…”

Section: Molecules 2020 25 X For Peer Review 5 Of 16supporting

confidence: 92%

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Reprogrammable Permanent Shape Memory Materials Based on Reversibly Crosslinked Epoxy/PCL Blends

et al. 2020

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Epoxy/Polycaprolactone (PCL) blends cured with a conventional diamine (4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, DDM) and with different amounts of a disulfide containing diamine (4, 4´-dithioaniline, DSS) were prepared through melting. The curing process was studied by FTIR and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the mechanical behavior of the networks was studied by DMA. The shape memory properties and the recyclability of the materials were also analyzed. All blends showed a very high curing degree and temperature activated shape memory effect, related to the glass transition of the epoxy resin. The PCL plasticized the mixture, allowing tailoring of the epoxy glass transition. In addition, in the blends cured with DSS, as a consequence of the disulfide exchange reaction, the permanent shape could be erased and a new shape could be reprogrammed. Using this strategy, reprogrammable permanent shape memory materials were obtained.

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Section: Molecules 2020 25 X For Peer Review 5 Of 16supporting

confidence: 92%

“…According to literature, in this system hydrogen bonding interaction between the carbonyl of the PCL and the hydroxyl group of the DGEBA can take place, increasing the system compatibility. Therefore, the dilution of the miscible PCL in the epoxy resin could be responsible for the observed behavior [37].…”

Section: Characterization Of Samples With Ddmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reprogrammable Permanent Shape Memory Materials Based on Reversibly Crosslinked Epoxy/PCL Blends

et al. 2020

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“…Y. Grohens et al [13] confirming that the phase separation on PCL/DGEBA/DDS blends happens at a relative higher conversion, higher than 50% [13], which prevents their sedimentation, since the gel point on epoxy/amine systems usually occurred close to 55% of the conversion. This means that the viscosity of PCL/DGEBA/TETA systems kept low for a longer curing time, up to the gel point.…”

Section: Thermal and Mechanical Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In general, the phase separation of blends occurred during the curing reaction because of the decrease of entropic contribution to free energy of mixing due to the increased molecular weight Materials 2020, 13,1941 5 of 12 of the epoxy resin during its cure. The difference between both studied amine hardeners is that the sulfone groups of DDS are much stronger electron donors.…”

Section: Blend Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Morphology on the Healing Mechanism of PCL/Epoxy Blends

2020

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Polycaprolactone (PCL) is being researched as a self-healing agent blended with epoxy resins by several reasons: low melting point, differential expansive bleeding (DBE) of PCL, and reaction induced phase separation (RIPS) of PCL/epoxy blends. In this work, PCL/epoxy blends were prepared with different PCL ratios and two different epoxy networks, cured with aliphatic and aromatic amine hardeners. The curing kinetic affects to the blend morphology, varying its critical composition. The self-healing behavior is strongly affected by the blend morphology, reaching the maximum efficiency for co-continuous phases. Blends with dispersed PCL phase into epoxy matrix can also show high self-healing efficiency because of the low PCL domains that act as reservoir of self-healing agent. In this last case, it was confirmed that the most efficient self-healable blends are one whose area occupied by PCL phase is the largest. These blends remain the good thermal and mechanical behavior of epoxy matrix, in contrast to the worsened properties of blends with bicontinuous morphology. In this work, the self-healing mechanism of blends is studied in depth by scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the influence of the geometry of the initial surface damage is also evaluated, affecting to the measurement of self-healing efficiency.it depends on both a kinetic curing reaction and the thermodynamics of phase separation. The obtained TP/TS morphology is strongly influenced by TP fraction added. At contents lower than critical composition, the blend morphology is usually a dispersion of TP-rich domains in the TS matrix. However, at high TP percentages, a phase inversion occurs, showing TS-rich modules dispersed into a TP-rich matrix. Close to critical composition, the blend morphology can show co-continuous phases or doubled separated phases. For TS toughening, the desired morphology is the first one, TP domains dispersed into TS matrix [4,5]. The presence of low stiffness thermoplastic domains into brittle thermoset matrix induces the appearance of different toughening mechanisms, such as shear yielding, cavitation, crack deflection, crack bifurcation, and bridging, among others.However, critical compositions are being more investigated [6], in the recent years, as self-healing strategy, due to the better distribution and higher area occupied by TP phase, which really acts healable agent.Self-healing process is usually based on a mobile phase, triggered by external stimuli, which is able to transport melted TP mass to the crack site and local mending connection by chemical bonds or physical interactions. In the case of self-healable TS/TP blends, the healing process is based on the melting of the thermoplastic phase. This means that the main requirement of the TS/TP blend to show self-healing capability is the selection of a semicrystalline thermoplastic polymer, whose melting point (T m ) is significantly lower than the glass transition temperature (T g ) of the TS resin in order to promote enough flow to crack.As it is mentioned above...

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Compatibilization of epoxidized triblock copolymer on the generation of self‐assembled nanostructured epoxies and their surface wettability

Remya

Rajendran

Parani

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this work, we have successfully synthesized epoxidized poly(styrene-blockbutadiene-block-styrene) with the highest epoxidation degree (55 mol%) for the first time by using metachloroperbenzoic acid method. This highly epoxidized styrene-butadiene-styrene (eSBS) block copolymer exhibited good compatibility with the epoxy (diglycidylether of bisphenol-A)/ eSBS block copolymer-4,4 0-diamino diphenyl methane blend. Transmission electron microscope images showed that the eSBS block copolymer formed spherical nanostructure morphology within the blend due to reaction induced phase separation. The addition of eSBS block copolymer in the system significantly improved the wetting parameters such as hydrophilicity, surface free energy, work of adhesion, spreading coefficient and Girifalco-Good's interaction parameter values, which are discussed in detail. The as-prepared selfassembled nanostructured epoxy system will be useful in highly toughened coating applications such as aircraft, automobile, and flooring industries.

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Miscibility, Phase Morphology, Thermomechanical, Viscoelastic and Surface Properties of Poly(ε-caprolactone) Modified Epoxy Systems: Effect of Curing Agents

Cited by 28 publications

References 42 publications

Reprogrammable Permanent Shape Memory Materials Based on Reversibly Crosslinked Epoxy/PCL Blends

Reprogrammable Permanent Shape Memory Materials Based on Reversibly Crosslinked Epoxy/PCL Blends

Influence of Morphology on the Healing Mechanism of PCL/Epoxy Blends

Compatibilization of epoxidized triblock copolymer on the generation of self‐assembled nanostructured epoxies and their surface wettability

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