Miscible blends of poly(benzoyl paraphenylene) and polycarbonate

Ha, Yung-Hoon; Scott, Chris; Thomas, Edwin L.

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(01)00159-8

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In addition to well‐known PPS and PEEK materials, poly( para ‐phenylene) (PPP) is an aromatic polymer consisting of a directly linked phenyl backbone. Various types of PPP with different side groups have been investigated as structural materials, and modulus values ranging from 5 GPa to 9 GPa and tensile strengths ranging from 120 MPa to 200 MPa have been reported . PPP is an amorphous thermoplastic, and can be formed by extrusion, hot compression molding, injection molding, or solution casting .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape‐memory behavior of high‐strength amorphous thermoplastic poly(para‐phenylene)

Collins

Yakacki

Lightbody

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the shape-memory behavior of poly(para-phenylene) (PPP) under varying programming temperatures, relaxation times, and recovery conditions. PPP is an inherently stiff and strong aromatic thermoplastic, not previously investigated for use as a shape-memory material. Initial characterization of PPP focused on the storage and relaxation moduli for PPP at various frequencies and temperatures, which were used to develop continuous master curves for PPP using timetemperature superposition (TTS). Shape-memory testing involved programming PPP samples to 50% tensile strain at temperatures ranging from 1558C to 2058C, with varying relaxation holds times before cooling and storage. Shape-recovery behavior ranged from nearly complete deformation recovery to poor recovery, depending heavily on the thermal and temporal conditions during programming. Straining for extended relaxation times and elevated temperatures significantly decreased the recoverable deformation in PPP during shape-memory recovery. However, PPP was shown to have nearly identical full recovery profiles when programmed with decreased and equivalent relaxation times, illustrating the application of TTS in programming of the shape-memory effect in PPP. The decreased shape recovery at extended relaxation times was attributed to time-dependent visco-plastic effects in the polymer becoming significant at longer time-scales associated with the melt/flow regime of the master curve. Under constrained-recovery, recoverable deformation in PPP was observed to have an exponentially decreasing relationship to the bias stress. This study demonstrated the effective use of PPP as a shape-memory polymer (SMP) both in mechanical behavior as well as in application.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape‐memory behavior of high‐strength amorphous thermoplastic poly(para‐phenylene)

Collins

Yakacki

Lightbody

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Substituted poly(para)phenylenes (PPPs) are a well-known class of conjugated polymers with useful optoelectronic properties. − The wide range of synthetically accessible substituents in the PPP backbone extends their utilization potential beyond just the light-emitting devices. For example, benzoyl-substituted PPP was a commercial high-performance polymer (also known as PX and Parmax) which was used, for example, for blend fabrications, , and its sulfonated derivatives have been utilized as ion-conducting membranes. − PPPs with oligo(ethylene glycol) side groups possess an application potential in the biomedical sector, − but also as solid polymer electrolytes for Li-ion batteries, for example. − Nevertheless, most of the applications still build on highly efficient photoluminescence of PPPs as well as their electroluminescence …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Molecular-Weight Bisalkoxy-Substituted Poly(para)phenylenes by Kumada Polymerization

2022

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Substituted poly(para)phenylenes (PPPs) are conjugated polymers with an attractive application potential in various fields of materials science. They are synthesized nearly exclusively using catalytic cross-coupling polymerization reactions based on Pd- or Ni-catalysts. Among these synthetic approaches to access alkoxy-substituted PPPs, Kumada catalyst transfer polymerization (KCTP or GRIM polymerization) would offer certain economic advantages over Suzuki-type polymerization as it relies on the utilization of a non-precious metal for catalysis. It also results in less total costs of the utilized reagents, avoiding additional preparative steps such as synthesis, isolation, and purification of boronic acid derivatives necessary for the Suzuki reaction. In fact, KCTP is nowadays the state-of-the-art method for the synthesis of polythiophenes. However, the application of KCTP for the synthesis of alkoxy-substituted PPPs leads to polymers with low molecular weights, limiting their practical applicability. Here, we developed a synthesis protocol that resulted in MEH-PPP with a molecular weight of M n = 133 kg/mol and BHex-PPP with M n = 153 kg/mol relative to polystyrene, outperforming the previous state of the art by a factor more than 5. Also, a tetra(ethylene glycol)-substituted PPP has been prepared by this procedure, with a molecular weight exceeding the previously reported results for analogous structures. Such molecular weights can be obtained in a reasonable reaction time (5 days) using low concentrations of an N-heterocyclic carbene-coordinated Ni complex. The polymerization kinetics suggested a chain-growth mechanism with a chain transfer step. The latter is caused most likely by a bimolecular interaction of the Ni-species at the polymer chain ends.

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“…The solubility, stiffness, and melt processability of the copolymers can be specifically tailored by adjusting the copolymer composition. The SRP used in this study is a commercially available copolymer with approximately 15 mol% 1,3-phenylene and 85 mol% benzoyl-1,4-phenylene [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SRPs exhibit dramatically increased strength, modulus and hardness properties in comparison to traditional engineering thermoplastics, as exhibited in reported properties for commercial SRP, polyetherimide (PEI) and polycarbonate (PC) polymers of similar molecular weights (Table 1) [7][8][9]. Additionally, SRPs have been demonstrated to form miscible blends with polycarbonate with intermediate modulus levels, providing potential opportunity for more easily processable high strength transparent materials [4]. Their ultra high strength, hardness and strength to weight ratio make SRPs of interest for applications ranging from light weight structural components to protective films and coatings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomechanical and surface frictional characteristics of a copolymer based on benzoyl-1,4-phenylene and 1,3-phenylene

Morgan¹,

Misra²,

Jones³

2006

Polymer

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Miscible blends of poly(benzoyl paraphenylene) and polycarbonate

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Shape‐memory behavior of high‐strength amorphous thermoplastic poly(para‐phenylene)

Shape‐memory behavior of high‐strength amorphous thermoplastic poly(para‐phenylene)

High-Molecular-Weight Bisalkoxy-Substituted Poly(para)phenylenes by Kumada Polymerization

Nanomechanical and surface frictional characteristics of a copolymer based on benzoyl-1,4-phenylene and 1,3-phenylene

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