“…In general, the fact that ''deviant'' stimuli in the ''oddball'' paradigm elicit an enhanced response in sensory cortex matches well with results obtained across multiple sensory modalities and from several species (Featherstone et al, 2018;Tada et al, 2019) including non-human primates (Javitt et al, 1992;Ueno et al, 2008;Komatsu et al, 2015), rats (Nakamura et al, 2011;Shiramatsu et al, 2013;Harms et al, 2014), and mice (Umbricht et al, 2005;Ehrlichman et al, 2008;Chen et al, 2015), suggesting that the oddball paradigm is well suited for studying contextual modulation of sensory cortical responses in both human and animal studies and that underlying mechanisms are likely conserved across sensory modality. Still, establishing a one-to-one correspondence of gross-level brain potentials/waves (such as the N1, P2, and MMN) between humans and animals (Ehrlichman et al, 2008), and even between sensory modality within human samples (Kremlacek et al, 2016), has not been straightforward.…”