Misr 1 and Misr 2: Two New, High Yielding and Rust Resistant Bread Wheat Cultivars

Abstract

Two newly bread wheat cultivars Misr 1 and Misr 2 were selected from CIMMYT wheat genotypes as resistant to stem rust specially the race Ug 99. Grain yield and rust resistance evaluation was performed through preliminary, advanced and varietal verification started in 2009/2010 through 2012/2013 growing seasons, compared to the check bread wheat cultivated cultivars. The results reveled that the grain yield of Misr 1 and Misr 2 exceeded wheat check cultivars in most of the tested locations. Generally, the new cultivars mean grain yield exceeded all the check cultivars means in preliminary, advanced and varietal verification yield trials and have high stable parameters allover the wheat cultivated areas. Testing the two new cultivars for stem and yellow rusts reaction, in the hot spots in Egypt, Uganda, Kenya and Ethiopia, indicated their resistance to stem and yellow rusts. Thus they could be highly recommended to be grown all over Egypt.

Geographical Correlation and Genetic Diversity of Newly Emerged Races within the Ug99 Lineage of Stem Rust Pathogen, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, in Different Wheat-Producing Areas

“…The diagnostic PCR fragments indicate virulent TTKSK (Ug99) to Sr31 , Clement ( Sr31 ), and Brigardier ( Sr31 ) as a fragment of 350 bp. This was in agreement with what was defined in the greenhouse (TTKSK) in Egypt and other countries based on the North American nomenclature [ 7 , 24 ].…”

“…Unfortunately, we know very little regarding the presence of the Ug99 race in Egypt. Although Patpour et al [ 13 ] and Shahin et al [ 14 ] reported the Ug99 race in Egypt, some Egyptian varieties, such as Misr-1 and Misr-2, were chosen from CIMMYT wheat genotypes and tested in Uganda, Kenya, and Ethiopia, and they proved their resistance to stem rust disease, especially for this race [ 24 ]. Then, these two varieties were imported for cultivation in these countries to overcome this race (Ug99).…”

Physio-Biochemical, Anatomical, and Molecular Analysis of Resistant and Susceptible Wheat Cultivars Infected with TTKSK, TTKST, and TTTSK Novel Puccinia graminis Races

“…Forty-one stem rust resistance genes (Sr,s) were evaluated for stem rust under field conditions during the seasons of 2021 and 2022 (Tables 1 and 2). The most resistant genes in 2021 were 13,22,26,28,35,37,40, GT, Brigardier (Sr31), PBW343 (Sr31), Sisson (Sr31+36), Chris (Sr7a, Sr12, Sr6), and FR*2/SRTT3-SRTT3, SR10, and in 2022 they were 13, 37, 40, GT, and FR*2/SRTT3-SRTT3, SR10, which achieved zero disease severity (Table 2). Through these results, it was found that there are five genes (13, 37, 40, GT, and FR*2/SRTT3-SRTT3-SR10) that had complete resistance to this disease during both seasons, and the second season was higher in disease severity than the first season.…”

“…Enzymatic and non-enzymatic components such as Catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), ascorbic acid, glutathione, carotenoids, and proline are very important in plants' defense system against stress conditions [23,24]. CAT, POX, and PPO up-regulation play a critical role in protecting plants from pathogen attack and scavenge ROS as well as alterations in membrane permeability as a result of either biotic or abiotic stresses [25,26]. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to use physiological, chemical, genetic, and anatomical analysis to determine cultivars' sensitivity and resistance to stem rust disease, as well as the genes responsible for resistance, related to the new physiological races.…”