Misshapen Fruits in Strawberry

Carew, J.; Morretini, Michele; Battey, Nicholas H.

doi:10.1300/j301v02n02_03

Cited by 23 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Genetics contribution is illustrated by the marked differences among cultivars in the percentage of MF naturally occurring under field conditions, which is consistent with previous reports (Carew et al, 2003), and by the cultivar-dependent differences among MF. genetic and environmental, respectively).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…genetic and environmental, respectively). Genetics contribution is illustrated by the marked differences among cultivars in the percentage of MF naturally occurring under field conditions, which is consistent with previous reports (Carew et al, 2003), and by the cultivar-dependent differences among MF. Thus, in two of the three cultivars studied, fruit deformation involves not only a loss of the characteristic symmetric shape but also a considerable loss in fruit size as is shown by the remarkable reduction in weight and volume of MF of 'Camarosa' and 'Ventana'.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In this context, it has been reported that environmental factors such as high temperatures during achene development can induce early embryo abortion in strawberry fruits (Pipattanawong et al, 2009). Moreover, fruit deformation has been attributed to a diminished pollen quantity and quality, pistil fertility and physical integrity of floral organs as a consequence of low temperatures during flower development (Thompson, 1971;Gilbert & Breen, 1986;Avigdori-Avidov, 1986;Ki & Warmund, 1992;Carew et al, 2003). However, no studies have evaluated which is the relative importance of these factors on the occurrence of MF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite this phenomenon being widely observed by farmers in several strawberry cultivars with a negative impact on the economic benefit of crop production, few approaches have focused on dissecting the morpho-functional basis of this anomaly during fruit development (Kronenberg, 1959;Yoshida et al, 1991;Carew et al, 2003). In MF it is possible to visually detect differences in achenes size between the apical and the basal parts, for example in the former, achenes are smaller than in the latter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This enlargement usually occurs gradually from the basal to the apical zone of the receptacle causing the symmetric and heart shape typical of the strawberry fruit (Perkins-Veazie, 1995). However, a loss of symmetry because of an uneven reduction in receptacle size has been commonly described in some strawberry cultivars rendering MF (Carew et al, 2003). This physiopathy can be observed from early fruit developmental stages and generally occurs in the apical part of the receptacle, causing substantial differences in fruit weight and size between 'misshapen' and 'well-formed' fruits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Fruit misshapen in strawberry cultivars (Fragaria×ananassa) is related to achenes functionality

Ariza

Soria

Medina

et al. 2010

Annals of Applied Biology

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Fruit deformation is a phenomenon commonly observed in commercial strawberry cultivars (Fragaria × ananassa) with a negative impact on the economic benefit of crop production. To better understand this physiopathy, we evaluated fruit size and the relative amount of 'small' (<0.4 mm) and 'big' achenes (>0.6 mm) in misshapen (MF) and well-formed (WF) fruits from 'Camarosa', 'Ventana' and 'Medina' strawberry cultivars growing in the field. In 'Camarosa', size-dependent achenes functionality was assessed by analysing achenes germinability and differences in time to ripening between MF and WF. We found that the occurrence of fruit deformation was not only strongly dependent on the cultivar (i.e. genetic factor) but also was promoted by low temperatures (i.e. environmental factor). Regardless of the cultivar, MF showed higher percentage of 'small' non-functional achenes than WF, indicating a failure in achene development, which could be related to the functional integrity of reproductive structures. To test this hypothesis, we performed an experiment by pollinating strawberry flowers with pollen developed under low and mild temperatures. Low temperatures reduced pollen viability, and flowers pollinated with low quality pollen led to a higher amount of MF. However, fruit deformation was not completely explained by differences in pollen quality, neither by differences in pistil maturity and receptivity nor ovule viability, suggesting that non-functional achenes might result from a disruption in postfertilisation processes such as embryo abortion as a consequence of low temperatures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Fruit misshapen in strawberry cultivars (Fragaria×ananassa) is related to achenes functionality

Ariza

Soria

Medina

et al. 2010

Annals of Applied Biology

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What makes a good pollinator? Abundant and specialised insects with long flight periods transport the most strawberry pollen

Villa‐Galaviz

Cirtwill

Gibson

et al. 2023

Ecol Sol and Evidence

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Despite the importance of insect pollination to produce marketable fruits, insect pollination management is limited by insufficient knowledge about key crop pollinator species. This lack of knowledge is due in part to (1) the extensive labour involved in collecting direct observations of pollen transport, (2) the variability of insect assemblages over space and time and (3) the possibility that pollinators may need access to wild plants as well as crop floral resources. We address these problems using strawberry in the United Kingdom as a case study. First, we compare two proxies for estimating pollinator importance: flower visits and pollen transport. Pollen‐transport data might provide a closer approximation of pollination service, but visitation data are less time‐consuming to collect. Second, we identify insect parameters that are associated with high importance as pollinators, estimated using each of the proxies above. Third, we estimated insects' use of wild plants as well as the strawberry crop. Overall, pollinator importances estimated based on easier‐to‐collect visitation data were strongly correlated with importances estimated based on pollen loads. Both frameworks suggest that bees (Apis and Bombus) and hoverflies (Eristalis) are likely to be key pollinators of strawberries, although visitation data underestimate the importance of bees. Moving beyond species identities, abundant, relatively specialised insects with long active periods are likely to provide more pollination services. Most insects visiting strawberry plants also carried pollen from wild plants, suggesting that pollinators need diverse floral resources. Identifying essential pollinators or pollinator parameters based on visitation data will reach the same general conclusions as those using pollen transport data, at least in monoculture crop systems. Managers may be able to enhance pollination service by preserving habitats surrounding crop fields to complement pollinators' diets and provide habitats for diverse life stages of wild pollinators.

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Dual purpose: Predatory hoverflies pollinate strawberry crops and protect them against the strawberry aphid, Chaetospihon fragaefolii

Oystaeyen

Tuyttens

Boonen

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Predatory syrphids are an important functional group due to their potential for providing multiple ecosystem services. Adults feed on nectar and pollen, and can be effective pollinators, while larvae are voracious predators that can reduce aphid pressure. Still, little research has addressed their potential dual function in agroecosystems. In this study, we assessed the potential of two predatory hoverflies, Eupeodes corollae and Sphaerophoria rueppellii, for delivering concurrent pollination and biological control of Chaetospihon fragaefolii in greenhouse strawberries.RESULTS: Both hoverfly species effectively pollinated strawberry flowers of two different varieties ('Elsanta' and 'Sonsation'), resulting in an increase in high-quality marketable fruits, a reduction of fruit deformities, and higher number of seeds per fruit compared to pollinator-excluded fruits. S. ruepellii had a significantly longer flower handling time than E. corollae, which translated to a more efficient pollination expressed as higher seed numbers per fruit after a single flower visit. By contrast, flowers that were open to multiple visits were more effectively pollinated by E. corollae, suggesting that E. corollae is potentially a better cross-pollinator than S. rueppellii. In addition, both hoverfly species suppressed aphid populations in strawberry (var. 'Sonata'), with S. rueppellii and E. corollae reducing aphid populations by 49% and 62%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Predatory syrphids can concurrently contribute to pollination and biological control in strawberry in a greenhouse setting.

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Misshapen Fruits in Strawberry

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Fruit misshapen in strawberry cultivars (Fragaria×ananassa) is related to achenes functionality

Fruit misshapen in strawberry cultivars (Fragaria×ananassa) is related to achenes functionality

What makes a good pollinator? Abundant and specialised insects with long flight periods transport the most strawberry pollen

Dual purpose: Predatory hoverflies pollinate strawberry crops and protect them against the strawberry aphid, Chaetospihon fragaefolii

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