Missing data estimation in tyrannosaurid dinosaurs: Can diameter take the place of circumference?

Bradley, Gavin; Burns, Michael E.; Currie, Philip J.

doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.02.010

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…One limitation of such approaches is that the hollow femoral shafts of theropods are prone to taphonomic distortion. The mid-femur shaft of RSM P2523.8 is slightly damaged, but its minimum transverse diameter (199 mm) is not deformed and indicates a femoral circumference of approximately 590 mm (based on the ELLR method of tyrannosaur femoral circumference estimation, Bradley et al, 2015). The body mass of RSM P2523.8 is thus estimated to be ~8,870 kg (AE25%).…”

Section: Size Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Older and Exceptionally Large Adult Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex

Persons

Currie

Erickson

2019

The Anatomical Record

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Here we describe an extremely large and relatively complete (roughly 65%) skeleton of Tyrannosaurus rex (RSM P2523.8). Multiple measurements (including those of the skull, hip, and limbs) show that RSM P2523.8 was a robust individual with an estimated body mass exceeding all other known T. rex specimens and representatives of all other gigantic terrestrial theropods. Histological sampling of the fibula confirms that RSM P2523.8 is skeletally mature. The prevalence of incompletely coossified elements contradicts previous assertions that such unfused elements can be taken as indicators of somatic immaturity. As an extreme example of both ontogenetic maturity and osteological robustness, RSM P2523.8 offers support for prior hypotheses that a sampling bias occurs throughout the Dinosauria, making it likely that most taxa grew to significantly greater size than current known specimens indicate. Anat Rec, 303:656–672, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Size Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Older and Exceptionally Large Adult Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex

Persons

Currie

Erickson

2019

The Anatomical Record

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523

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A small caenagnathid tibia from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (Maastrichtian): Implications for growth and lifestyle in oviraptorosaurs

Funston

Currie

2018

Cretaceous Research

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A new caenagnathid (Dinosauria: Oviraptorosauria) from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta, Canada, and a reevaluation of the relationships of Caenagnathidae

Funston

Currie

2016

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology

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78.Dentary: (0) elongate; (1) proportionally short and deep, with maximum depth of dentary between 25% and 50% of dentary length (with length measured from the tip of the jaw to the end of the posterodorsal process); (2) extremely short and deep, with maximum depth 50% or more of dentary length. [ORDERED] Modification-Removed [ORDERED] Justification-Mandibular variation through ontogeny in has not been qualified in oviraptorosaurs, nor has the degree of intraspecific variation. This character in particular is correlated with size in caenagnathids, such that larger specimens tend show state 0, and smaller specimens tend to show state 2, with a smooth gradient between. 84. Anterodorsal margin of dentary in lateral view: (0) straight; (1) concave; (2) broadly concave. [ORDERED] Modification-Removed [ORDERED] Justification-As above, though the opposite correlation to size is shown: large specimens tend to show state 2, and small specimens tend to show state 0. 176. Manual phalanx II-2: (0) longer than II-1; (1) subequal to or slightly shorter than II-1; (2) distinctly shorter than II-1. [ORDERED] Modification-Removed [ORDERED]Justification-Caenagnathid manual proportions are highly variable, with a number of apparent reversals within clades. For example, Hagryphus giganteus, scored as character state 1 for this character, is consistently recovered as a basal caenagnathid, but within more derived caenagnathids, all three character states for this character are present, indicating that the character state can move both directions.

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Missing data estimation in tyrannosaurid dinosaurs: Can diameter take the place of circumference?

Cited by 4 publications

References 50 publications

An Older and Exceptionally Large Adult Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex

An Older and Exceptionally Large Adult Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex

A small caenagnathid tibia from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (Maastrichtian): Implications for growth and lifestyle in oviraptorosaurs

A new caenagnathid (Dinosauria: Oviraptorosauria) from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta, Canada, and a reevaluation of the relationships of Caenagnathidae

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