Missourian (early late Pennsylvanian) climate in Midcontinent North America

Schutter, Stephen R.; Heckel, Philip H.

doi:10.1016/0166-5162(85)90011-4

Cited by 47 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Schutter and Heckel (1985) cited the upward increase in number of evaporites, caliche horizons, and incompletely leached mixed-layer clays in the Western Interior coal province as evidence for a climate that was becoming pro-gressively drier from the Desmoinesian to the Permian. An increase in the thickness of regressive limestones deposited at higher sea-level stands during the Missourian indicates less influx of detritus, suggesting a drier climate.…”

Section: Middle-upper Pennsylvanian Series Boundary (Desmoinesian-mismentioning

confidence: 99%

Palynological correlation of major Pennsylvanian (Middle and Upper Carboniferous) chronostratigraphic boundaries in the Illinois and other coal basins

Peppers¹

1996

Palynological Correlation of Major Pennsylvanian (Middle and Upper Carboniferous) Chronostratigraphic Boundaries in the Illinoi

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Palynology provides chronostratigraphic correlations of Pennsylvanian (Middle and Upper Carboniferous) strata between the Illinois basin, which is the main focus of this study, and other coal basins in the UnitedStates, western Europe, and the Donets basin. Published reports and recent palynological analyses of coal samples from the Illinois basin, western part of the Midcontinent, and the Appalachian coal region were used in making the correlations. Correlations are made on the basis of first and last appearances and major changes in relative abundance of spore taxa. Studies of plant megafossils and faunas are discussed briefly in relation to some of the palynological correlations. Stratigraphers in the Midcontinent have considered the Lower Pennsylvanian Series equivalent to the Morrowan Stage, the Middle Pennsylvanian equivalent to the Atokan and Desmoinesian Stages, and the Upper Pennsylvanian equivalent to the Missourian and Virgilian Stages. I propose extending this nomenclature to the Illinois Basin. The chronostratigraphic classification of the Pennsylvanian System in the western part of the Midcontinent region was adopted by the Illinois State Geological Survey for the Illinois basin largely on the basis of studies of marine fossils. The precise position of the Morrowan−Atokan Stage boundary in Illinois is still not satisfactorily known. It generally has been correlated with the base of the Tradewater Formation but is herein correlated with the top of the Reynoldsburg Coal Bed, which is at the base of the formation. The top of the Morrowan occurs just above the base of the Tradewater Formation in western Kentucky and in the upper part of the Mansfield Formation in Indiana. I propose that the Atokan−Desmoinesian Stage boundary in Illinois correlates with the top of the Seville Limestone Member and equivalent limestone beds in Indiana and western Kentucky. The Desmoinesian−Missourian (Middle−Upper Pennsylvanian) boundary is correlated with the base of the Lake Creek Coal Member or, if that is not present, at the top of the Lonsdale Limestone Member in western Illinois and the top of the middle bench of the West Franklin Limestone Member in eastern Illinois and western Indiana. The Missourian−Virgilian Stage boundary has been correlated, in the absence of adequate palynological data, with strata a little below the Shumway Limestone Member as determined by fusulinid evidence. The Lower−Middle Pennsylvanian boundary in the Pennsylvanian stratotype in West Virginia proposed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is older than the Lower−Middle Pennsylvanian boundary of the Midcontinent. The latter correlates with the base of the Pounds Sandstone Member in Illinois and the Bee Spring Sandstone Member in western Kentucky. Although the Middle−Upper Pennsylvanian Series boundary has been correlated with the boundary between the Allegheny and Peppers, R. A., 1996, Palynological Correlation of Major Pennsylvanian (Middle and Upper Carboniferous) Chronostratigraphic Boundaries in the Illinois and Other Coal Basins: Boul...

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Section: Middle-upper Pennsylvanian Series Boundary (Desmoinesian-mismentioning

confidence: 99%

Palynological correlation of major Pennsylvanian (Middle and Upper Carboniferous) chronostratigraphic boundaries in the Illinois and other coal basins

Peppers¹

1996

Palynological Correlation of Major Pennsylvanian (Middle and Upper Carboniferous) Chronostratigraphic Boundaries in the Illinoi

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“…3), which is the core shale or condensed section of the Dennis cyclothem. The Stark overlies the Galesburg Shale paleosol (Schutter and Heckel, 1985), which forms the lower sequence boundary from southern Kansas to central Iowa. The Winterset underlies the Fontana Shale Member of the Cherryvale Formation ( Fig 1B).…”

Section: Smaller Cycles Within the Winterset Limestone Member Regresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4) (Heckel and Baesemann, 1975;Swade, 1985), and the recognition of exposure surfaces and paleosol development at various horizons in the midcontinent upper Pennsylvanian succession (Watney, 1980;Heckel and Watney, 1985;Schutter and Heckel, 1985;Goebel et al, 1989;Joeckel, 1989) have provided new information for interpretation of the depositional sequence. Detailed internal correlation of the Winterset Limestone is made possible by the large number of complete roadcut and quarry sections, which often include the underlying Stark shale and overlying Cherryvale Formation (Fig 5).…”

Section: Smaller Cycles Within the Winterset Limestone Member Regresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-scale cycles in Winterset Limestone Member (Dennis Formation, Pennsylvanian of northern Midcontinent) represent "phased regression"

Felton¹,

Heckel²

1996

Paleozoic Sequence Stratigraphy; Views From the North American Craton

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The Winterset Limestone is the upper (or regressive) limestone member of the Dennis cyclothem. Although most upper limestones in other cyclothems so far appear to represent essentially single regressive successions, the internal stratigraphy of the Winterset displays several small-scale transgressive-regressive (T-R) cycles ("parasequences") in the northern midcontinent. The lower three minor cycles are successions that shallow upward to various carbonate facies, from thin sediment-starved conodont-rich shales at the base. The lowest of these shales, the black Stark Shale Member, is the most widespread and has been recognized as the core shale (condensed section) of the entire Dennis cyclothem. The upper two shales are traceable for at least 145 km (90 mi) across northwestern Missouri, descending southward and merging with the top of the Stark Shale in east-central Kansas. These lower three cycles are capped by a mid-Winterset exposure surface that forms a sequence boundary within the Winterset and apparently truncates the minor cycles northward across northern Missouri to Iowa. Thus, the entire lower Winterset of northwestern Missouri comprises a series of southward-prograding regressive carbonate wedges separated by the thin transgressive conodont-rich shales. This geometry confirms that the Stark Shale in the south is the offshore sedimentstarved facies equivalent of much of the northern Winterset Limestone, and suggests that all of the Winterset Limestone at Winterset, Iowa, is equivalent to only the top of the Stark Shale in southeastern Kansas. Resting upon the mid-Winterset exposure surface, the upper Winterset cycle is another small-scale T-R sequence that grades from thick open-marine phylloid algal facies in east-central Kansas to shoal-water, shoreline, and terrestrial facies in north-central Missouri. The top of this cycle is another sequence boundary that merges northward with the mid-Winterset boundary in the overlying largely terrestrial Fontana Shale, which in Iowa is time equivalent to the entire Winterset Limestone as well as the Fontana Shale in east-central Kansas. Thus the WintersetLimestone, representing the general regressive phase of the Dennis cyclothem, actually records a succession of small-scale transgressive-regressive events that generally retreat basinward. We term this pattern a "phased regression," and it is compatible with the slow, intermittent but progressively greater accumulation of ice sheets in distinct phases separated by melting, recognized in Pleistocene sea-level curves and dominating general regressions during more recent time.on July 17, 2015 specialpapers.gsapubs.org Downloaded from

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“…Various lines of evidence -geochemistry (Cecil et al, 1985;Greb et al, 2002), palynology (Eble et al, 2001;Eble, 2002;Eble et al, 2003), plant megafossils (Pfefferkorn and Thomson, 1982;Phillips and Peppers, 1984;Cleal et al, 2009), the distribution of coals (Phillips and Peppers, 1984;Schutter and Heckel, 1985) and paleosols (Schutter and Heckel, 1985;FalconLang et al, 2009;DiMichele et al, 2010;Falcon-Lang and DiMichele, 2010) -indicate that this was a time of much more seasonal climates at all phases of any given glacial-interglacial cycle. Peat swamps appear to have been largely planar, peats (coals) were of higher sulfur content, and vertic paleosols were increasingly common in those rocks between and beneath coals.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Palaeocological Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Major compositional and structural changes took place in wetland tropical landscapes across the Desmoinesian-Missourian boundary (Middleto-Late Pennsylvanian: Falcon-Lang et al, 2011a). Considerable evidence (e.g., Phillips and Peppers, 1984;Schutter and Heckel, 1985;Cecil, 1990;Winston, 1990;DiMichele et al, 2001;Fielding et al, 2008aFielding et al, , 2008bHeckel, 2008;Rygel et al, 2009;Bishop et al, 2010) suggests a shift in the climate cycle to increased overall dryness (greater seasonal dryness during both the drier intervals and wetter intervals of glaciogenic cycles) at this time, a change reflecting a period of intensified global warming and ice melting in the south polar regions. Beginning at the time of this major climatic shift, the distributional pattern of this species documents continued ecological confinement to the wettest, swampy environments of the Late Pennsylvanian, particularly those associated with some clastic influx.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Palaeocological Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palaeoecology of Macroneuropteris scheuchzeri, and its implications for resolving the paradox of ‘xeromorphic’ plants in Pennsylvanian wetlands

Stull

DiMichele

Falcon-Lang

et al. 2012

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Missourian (early late Pennsylvanian) climate in Midcontinent North America

Cited by 47 publications

References 20 publications

Palynological correlation of major Pennsylvanian (Middle and Upper Carboniferous) chronostratigraphic boundaries in the Illinois and other coal basins

Palynological correlation of major Pennsylvanian (Middle and Upper Carboniferous) chronostratigraphic boundaries in the Illinois and other coal basins

Small-scale cycles in Winterset Limestone Member (Dennis Formation, Pennsylvanian of northern Midcontinent) represent "phased regression"

Palaeoecology of Macroneuropteris scheuchzeri, and its implications for resolving the paradox of ‘xeromorphic’ plants in Pennsylvanian wetlands

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