Mistletoe lectin is not the only cytotoxic component in fermented preparations of Viscum album from white fir (Abies pectinata)

Abstract

BackgroundPreparations of mistletoe (Viscum album) are the form of cancer treatment that is most frequently used in the complementary medicine. Previous work has shown that these preparations are able to exert cytotoxic effects on carcinoma cells, the extent of which might be influenced by the host tree species and by the content of mistletoe lectin.MethodsUsing colorimetric assays, we have now compared the cytotoxic effects of Viscum album preparations (VAPs) obtained from mistletoe growing on oak (Quercus robur and Q. petraea, VAP-Qu), apple tree (Malus domestica,, VAP-M), pine (Pinus sylvestris, VAP-P) or white fir (Abies pectinata, VAP-A), on the in vitro growth of breast and bladder carcinoma cell lines. While MFM-223, KPL-1, MCF-7 and HCC-1937 were the breast carcinoma cell lines chosen, the panel of tested bladder carcinoma cells comprised the T-24, TCC-SUP, UM-UC-3 and J-82 cell lines.ResultsEach of the VAPs inhibited cell growth, but the extent of this inhibition differed with the preparation and with the cell line. The concentrations of VAP-Qu, VAP-M and VAP-A which led to a 50 % reduction of cell growth (IC50) varied between 0.6 and 0.03 mg/ml. Higher concentrations of VAP-P were required to obtain a comparable effect. Purified mistletoe lectin I (MLI) led to an inhibition of breast carcinoma cell growth at concentrations lower than those of VAPs, but the sensitivity towards purified MLI did not parallel that towards VAPs. Bladder carcinoma cells were in most cases more sensitive to VAPs treatment than breast carcinoma cells. The total mistletoe lectin content was very high in VAP-Qu (54 ng/mg extract), intermediate in VAP-M (25 ng/mg extract), and very low in VAP-P (1.3 ng/mg extract) and in VAP-A (1 ng/mg extract). As to be expected from the low content of mistletoe lectin, VAP-P led to relatively weak cytotoxic effects. Most remarkably, however, the lectin-poor VAP-A revealed a cytotoxic effect comparable to, or even stronger than, that of the lectin-rich VAP-Qu, on all tested bladder and breast carcinoma cell lines.ConclusionThe results suggest the existence of cytotoxic components other than mistletoe lectin in VAP-A and reveal an unexpected potential of this preparation for the treatment of breast and bladder cancer.

Preclinical and Clinical Effects of Mistletoe against Breast Cancer

“…They all agree on this point that mistletoe extracts exhibit substantial cytotoxic effects in vitro and none of the studies reported growth stimulation and proliferation of tumor cell lines [50–62]. Viscum liquidambaricolum and Viscum coloratum are known as Korean mistletoes which belong to Loranthaceae family and have been used as a traditional medicine in Korea.…”

Immunotherapy and Immunosurveillance of Oral Cancers: Perspectives of Plasma Medicine and Mistletoe

“…Therefore, one of the objectives of immunological interventions is activation of effective mechanisms such as maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) [ 2 , 3 ]. There is some evidence that mistletoe lectins stimulate maturation and activation of DCs [ 4 , 5 ], possibly inducing cytotoxic effects [ 6 ]. Lymph node metastasis is seen in accordance with the inability of DCs due to the undifferentiated tumor to maturate, hence providing a peripheric kind of tolerance.…”

Kinetic of biogenic sulfide production for microbial consortia isolated from soils with different bioaccessible concentrations of lead

“…The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of lead in cell growth was determined using a dose-response logistic model that has been widely used in toxicological, biological, and pharmacological studies (Eggenschwiler et al 2007;Beckon et al 2008).…”

“…With the purpose of estimating the IC 50 for Pb of both consortia studied here, the results of Fig. 4 were adjusted to the logistic model of dose-response (Eggenschwiler et al 2007), represented by…”