Misuse of the metabolic modulator meldonium in sports

Lippi, Giuseppe; Mattiuzzi, Camilla

doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2016.06.008

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Since 2016, meldonium (mildronate; 3‐(2,2,2‐trimethylhydrazinium)propionate) has been prohibited by WADA because of its effect on the production of lactic acid. Meldonium is known to reduce lactic acid levels, thus enhancing both the energy storage and the endurance of elite athletes . Furthermore, to evaluate the exact concentration of drugs in urine, the conjugated metabolites, such as glucuronides, sulfates, or cysteinyl conjugates, have to be de‐conjugated in order to use the multiclass doping analysis method …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meldonium is known to reduce lactic acid levels, thus enhancing both the energy storage and the endurance of elite athletes. 18 Furthermore, to evaluate the exact concentration of drugs in urine, the conjugated metabolites, such as glucuronides, sulfates, or cysteinyl conjugates, have to be de-conjugated in order to use the multiclass doping analysis method. [19][20][21][22][23][24] Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is considered to be a biomarker for ethanol consumption since high levels of EtG are often correlated with abnormal steroid profiles.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a multi‐functional concurrent assay using weak cation‐exchange solid‐phase extraction (WCX‐SPE) and reconstitution with a diluted sample aliquot for anti‐doping analysis

Kim

Jeon

Min

et al. 2018

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a multi‐functional concurrent assay using weak cation‐exchange solid‐phase extraction (WCX‐SPE) and reconstitution with a diluted sample aliquot for anti‐doping analysis

Kim

Jeon

Min

et al. 2018

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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“…Meldonium zostało ujęte w spisie środków zakazanych dopiero w 2016 r. Potencjalne działanie ergogeniczne opiera się na lepszym wykorzystaniu kwasów tłuszczowych w procesach biochemicznych, mniejszej produkcji kwasu mlekowego, usprawnionym magazynowaniu i wykorzystaniu glikogenu, zapobieganiu stresowi oksydacyjnemu, większej wytrzymałości podczas wysiłku aerobowego, poprawie czynności serca, przyspieszonej regeneracji oraz pobudzeniu OUN [25].…”

Section: Modulatory Hormonów I Metabolizmu (S4)unclassified

Substances and methods prohibited in sport

Gładysz¹

2018

Farm Pol.

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Substances and methods prohibited in sport • The World Anti-Doping Agency has updated the list of prohibited substances and methods in sport. There are performance enhancing drugs (PED) in the current list and also they are potentially harmful to the health. The use of these substances for medical purposes requires obtaining the status of Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE). The influence on physical performance and side effects of banned substances and methods (anabolics agents, peptide hormones, growth factors, b-2 agonists, hormone and metabolism modulators, diuretics and masking agents, blood manipulation, genetic doping, stimulants, narcotics, cannabinoids, glucocorticoids and b-blockers) were discussed. Substances and methods have been divided into prohibited at all times, only during competitions and only in particular sports. For ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, salbutamol, formoterol, limit values in urine sample were referred.

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“…MEL affects the performance of athletes by reducing the use of energy in the heart. In other words, with the same amount of energy, the athletes are able to maintain their performances longer . Therefore, MEL is on the list of the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) in early 2016 as a prohibited chemical .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrosynthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Poly‐o‐phenylenediamine on MWCNT Modified Electrode for Selective Determination of Meldonium

Güney

2019

Electroanalysis

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In this study, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized by electrochemical polymerization and used to construct an electrochemical sensor for determination of meldonium (MEL) selectively for the first time. The polymer film was generated by using o‐phenylenediamine (o‐PD) as a monomer on the surface of carboxylic acid functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) modified pencil rod electrode in the presence of MEL as a template. MEL imprinted (MEL‐imp) and non‐imprinted (N‐imp) polymer films and coated electrodes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), profilometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Voltammetric measurements were carried out in a ferrocyanide/ferricyanide redox probe solution for MEL‐imp and N‐imp electrodes in the presence and absence of template molecule. The decrease in peak current of redox probe was linear with the concentration of MEL in the range of 0.1–5 μg/mL and the limit of detection (3 s/b) was found to be 0.066 μg/mL under optimized experimental conditions. The proposed sensor was successfully applied for selective determination of MEL in human urine sample with long term stability and good reproducibility.

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Misuse of the metabolic modulator meldonium in sports

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Development of a multi‐functional concurrent assay using weak cation‐exchange solid‐phase extraction (WCX‐SPE) and reconstitution with a diluted sample aliquot for anti‐doping analysis

Development of a multi‐functional concurrent assay using weak cation‐exchange solid‐phase extraction (WCX‐SPE) and reconstitution with a diluted sample aliquot for anti‐doping analysis

Substances and methods prohibited in sport

Electrosynthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Poly‐o‐phenylenediamine on MWCNT Modified Electrode for Selective Determination of Meldonium

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