Mitigating effect of salicylic acid in the anatomy of the leaf of Zea mays L. lluteño ecotype from the Lluta Valley (Arica-Chile) under NaCl

Abstract

It is known that exogenous salicylic acid (SA) plays a role in the response of plants to salt and osmotic stresses. In recent years, SA has been shown to increase the concentrations of organic solutes for osmoregulation in plants subjected to salt stress. Therefore an experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of exogenous SA on the tissue morphology of lluteño maize. The treatment consisted of salt and SA (0.1 mM). Salt stress negatively affected leaf anatomy by showed a positive effect of SA on the composition of structures such as xylem vessels, Kranz anatomy, mesophyll cells, epidermal tissues, leaf blades and chloroplast development. It also increased the number of stomata per unit area. Finally, the presence of salicylic acid in saline conditions has beneficial effects on the morphology of lluteño maize, likely contributing to the tolerance to salinity.Key words: Zea mays L. amilacea, salinity, anatomy, salicylic acid. RESUMEN Se sabe que la aplicación del ácido exógeno salicílico (SA) desempeña un papel en la respuesta de las plantas a la salinidad y al estrés osmótico. En años recientes se ha demostrado que el SA aumenta las concentraciones de solutos orgánicos para la osmorregulación en las plantas sometidas a estrés salino. Por lo tanto, se realizó un experimento para investigar el impacto de factores exógenos como el SA en la morfología de los tejidos de maíz lluteño. El tratamiento consistió en NaCl y SA (0,1 mM

Exogenous salicylic acid alleviates the negative impacts on production components, biomass and gas exchange in tomato plants under water deficit improving redox status and anatomical responses

“…In other words, these anatomical changes, concomitant with increases in SD, favour the photosynthetic capacity of plants subjected to SA + water deficit, as observed in results previously described in this study (P N , C i , and P N /C i ). Cárcamo et al, (2012) (Biczak, 2016;Razmi et al, 2017). In addition, these results confirm the role of SA as a signalling molecule in the defense system of plants under stress, contributing to the balance between the production of ROS and cell detoxification via enzymatic processes, consequently avoiding photo-oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, DNA and cells (Chandrakar et al, 2016;Demidchik, 2015).…”

“…In other words, these anatomical changes, concomitant with increases in SD, favour the photosynthetic capacity of plants subjected to SA + water deficit, as observed in results previously described in this study ( P N , C i , and P N / C i ). Cárcamo et al, (2012) evaluated anatomical responses in Zea mays plants treated with SA submitted to salt stress and found increases of ETAd, ETAb, and leaf thickness, which the authors suggest were caused by stimulation of the defence pathway by SA, inducing significant protective effects on cellular structures. Similar to the results verified in this research, Gomaa et al, (2015), who worked with Lupinus termis plants sprayed with six SA concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 150 ppm), were able to generate increases in PPT and SPT compared to control plants.…”

Physiological, Anatomical and Metabolic Implications of Salt Tolerance in the Halophyte Salvadora persica under Hydroponic Culture Condition

“…Salinity induced increase in epidermal thickness not only improve the water use efficiency (WUE) of plants but also provide additional space for efficient sequestration of Na + in the leaf epidermis ( Shabala et al, 2012 ). At higher saline condition (750 mM NaCl) the epidermal thickness declined to the value detected in leaf of 250 mM NaCl treatment and this decrease in epidermal thickness may be attributed to the limited cell division and growth at higher salinity ( Carcamo et al, 2012 ). In contrast to our study, the epidermal thickness was declined in the glycophyte Hordeum vulgare with increasing salinity ( Atabayeva et al, 2013 ) which suggests that there is differential anatomical adaptation between halophyte and glycophyte in response to salinity.…”

Leaf anatomical and biochemical adaptations in <em>Typha domingensis</em> Pers. ecotypes for salinity tolerance

“…Witkowski & Lamont (1991) observed a reduction of the leaf thickness as well as a decrease of the mesophyll portion in number and size. This indicates a limitation of cell growth since division and cell expansion would be more affected as a result of osmotic and water stress in the mesophyll cells (Carcamo et al 2012). Reduction of leaf thickness may reduce the ability of plants to take up water under salt stress (Munns 2002, Atabayeva et al 2013.…”