Mitigating Gender Inequality in Rural Regions: The Effects of Tourism Employment in Namibia

Khatiwada, Lila Kumar; Silva, Julie A.

doi:10.1002/jtr.2010

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…A close inspection of the existing studies reveals that the impact of tourism on economic equity has been assessed from multiple angles. Among them, poverty alleviation has gained the highest popularity and been frequently researched (Blake, 2008; Scheyvens and Russell, 2012a), and it is followed by income inequality (Alam and Paramati, 2016; Lee, 2009; Li et al, 2016), regional inequality (Andraz et al, 2015; Goh et al, 2015), relevant influential channels (Thomas and Long, 2001; Walpole and Goodwin, 2000), and gender inequality (Khatiwada and Silva, 2015). To quantitatively measure the effect of tourism on economic equity, the existing literature places great emphasis upon ordinary regression techniques (Alam and Paramati, 2016; Lee and O’ Leary, 2008), input–output analysis (Blake, 2008), computable general equilibrium models (Mahadevan et al, 2017), and so on.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban–rural income disparity and inbound tourism: Spatial evidence from China

et al. 2019

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The challenging concern regarding how the benefits of inbound tourism can be evenly distributed, especially among urban and rural individuals, has received considerable attention in China. To address this concern, a spatial econometrics approach is used to estimate the spillover effects of inbound tourism on urban–rural income disparity (URID). An empirical analysis using the spatial Durbin model was conducted for 31 Chinese provinces covering the period from 2003 to 2017. Our findings suggest that at the national level, local inbound tourism significantly reduces the local URID, while neighboring inbound tourism significantly increases the local URID. At the regional level, the role of inbound tourism in reducing the local URID is only detected in the western region. The spillover effects of inbound tourism are positive and significant in the eastern/northeastern region but negative in the western region. In general, these findings provide insights into the importance of interregional tourism policies and strategies for inbound tourism development in China.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban–rural income disparity and inbound tourism: Spatial evidence from China

et al. 2019

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“…Community-based conservation in southern Africa can suffer from elite capture as they tend to be run by tribal chiefs (Nelson, Sandbrook, & Roe, 2009). In instances where power has been actively shared more equally amongst the community (and especially between men and women), benefits from conservation also appear to have been distributed more equally (Khatiwada & Silva, 2014). This underlines the importance of the governance structures being able to influence the success of conservation interventions.…”

Section: Policy and Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Understanding the human dimensions of coexistence between carnivores and people: A case study in Namibia

Rust¹

2018

Preprint

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Many carnivore populations were in decline throughout much of the 20 th century, but due to recent conservation policies, their numbers are stabilising or even increasing in some areas of the world. This, compounded with human population growth, has caused increased livestock depredation by carnivores, which threatens farmer livelihoods, particularly those in developing countries such as Namibia. How to resolve this so-called "conflict" between carnivores and livestock farmers remains challenging, in part because some mitigation strategies have proven somewhat ineffective or unacceptable. By using a case-study approach on the commercial farmlands of northcentral Namibia, I aimed to understand the complexity of the human dimensions affecting coexistence between carnivores and people in an unprotected working landscape. Specifically, my objectives were to 1) develop a participatory decisionmaking exercise to analyse the views of stakeholders on how they would like carnivores to be managed in unprotected lands, 2) understand how the media framed financial incentives to improve human-carnivore coexistence, and 3) determine if there were any underlying social, economic or political causes of negative human-carnivore interactions on commercial livestock farms.To answer objective 1, I developed a new decision-making exercise that combined Q-methodology and the Delphi technique to determine whether a diverse group of stakeholders could agree on how to manage carnivores on commercial farmland. A strong agreement was reached by participants: providing conservation education and training on livestock husbandry were acceptable and effective ways to improve coexistence with carnivores. This new also method highlighted areas of disagreement between stakeholders and showed that there were two different narratives on how carnivores should be managed. This method could be used by policy makers to help with participatory decision-making for resolving other conservation conflicts.To answer objective 2, I undertook content analysis of national newspapers to determine how the media framed articles on financial incentives to mitigate this conservation conflict. The most common (30%) financial incentive discussed was compensation -many (61%) of these articles framed compensation positively. Niki Rust © 2015However, upon categorising these articles into those where respondents were enrolled in compensation schemes compared with those who were not, a clear pattern emerged: articles were more likely (89%) to be framed ambivalently or negatively when respondents had experience of this financial incentive compared with respondents that did not. These results can help conservationists plan more effective communication interventions and anticipate issues that can affect the success of mitigation strategies.To answer objective 3, I undertook eight months of participant observation on livestock farms and interviewed 69 respondents and found that reported livestock depredation was associated with increased instances of poaching of wildl...

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“…Bahsedilen tüm bu olumsuzluklara rağmen emek yoğun bir sektör olan turizm özellikle işgücü piyasasına ilk kez giren ya da iş bulmakta güçlük çeken düşük vasıflı kişilere, göçmen ve azınlık gruplarına, uzun süreli işsizlere ve aile sorumlulukları nedeniyle yarı zamanlı çalışabilecek kadınlara istihdam fırsatı sağlamada önemli bir rol oynamaktadır (World Tourism Organization ve International Labour Organization, 2014). Ayrıca, turizm sektörü her ne kadar kadınları geleneksel toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine indirgeyen ve bu yolla cinsiyete dayalı eşitsizlikleri güçlendiren bir yapıya sahip olsa da turizmin özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki kadınların ekonomik ve sosyal açıdan güçlendirilmelerine olanak sağlayacağını öne süren çalışmalar bulunmaktadır (Chant, 1997;Ferguson, 2011;Khatiwada ve Silva, 2015;Lee ve Kang 1998;Sinclair, 1997 Sektörde kadın çalışan sayısının az olduğu iş kollarının belirlenmesi ve sektörde istihdam edilen kadınlara bu iş kollarına yönelik eğitim fırsatlarının sunulması ise kadınların bu alanlarda da sorumluluk almalarına ve yükselmelerine yardımcı olabilir. Ayrıca, 2018 yılı itibariyle Türkiye'de kreş ve gündüz bakımevi hizmetinin işverenlerce iş yerinde verilmesi halinde, bu hizmetten faydalanan kadın çalışana sağlanan menfaatin tamamı; hizmetin dışarıdan bir kurumdan alınması durumunda ise asgarî ücretin aylık brüt tutarının %50'si gelir vergisinden istisna tutulmaktadır.…”

Section: Turizm Sektörünün Kadın İşgücüne Sağladığı Fırsatlar Ve Zorlunclassified

Turi̇zm Sektöründe Kadin İsti̇hdami: Mevcut Duruma İli̇şki̇n Bi̇r Değerlendi̇rme

Yetiş¹,

Çalışkan²

2020

Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi

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Her geçen yıl kadın istihdam oranı artmasına rağmen, hala dünyada ve Türkiye'de kadınların çeşitli sebeplerle istihdama katılımlarının erkeklere oranla daha az olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle, özellikle gelişmemiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde işgücü piyasasının dezavantajlı gruplarından birini oluşturan kadınların istihdama katılımlarının kolaylaştırılması ve teşvik edilmesi amacıyla çeşitli politika ve uygulamalar yürütülmekte, turizm gibi bazı sektörler ise kadın istihdamının artırılmasında ön plana çıkarılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmada ekonomik, politik ve toplumsal yapılanmalar sonucunda işgücü piyasasında hala yeterli düzeyde istihdam edilemeyen kadın işgücünün hem genel, hem de turizm sektöründeki yeri mevcut istatistikler aracılığıyla incelenmiş ve turizm sektörünün sahip olduğu olumlu ve olumsuz özellikler temel alınarak, sektörün kadın işgücü istihdamı için sunduğu fırsat ve zorluklar değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, 2019 yılında dünya genelinde toplam turizm istihdamının %54,2'sini kadın işgücünün oluşturduğu, buna karşın Türkiye'nin turizm sektöründeki kadın istihdam oranının dünya ortalamasının çok gerisinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

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Mitigating Gender Inequality in Rural Regions: The Effects of Tourism Employment in Namibia

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

Urban–rural income disparity and inbound tourism: Spatial evidence from China

Urban–rural income disparity and inbound tourism: Spatial evidence from China

Understanding the human dimensions of coexistence between carnivores and people: A case study in Namibia

Turi̇zm Sektöründe Kadin İsti̇hdami: Mevcut Duruma İli̇şki̇n Bi̇r Değerlendi̇rme

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