Mitigation of Corrosion Initiated by Cl− and SO42−-ions in Blast Furnace Cement Concrete Mixed with Sea Water

Abstract

The use of blast furnace cement is an effective way to meet the requirements of sustainable development. However, CEM III/C is characterized by slow strength gain. The problem can be worse for plasticized reinforced blast furnace cement concretes mixed with sea water in view of shorter durability. The mitigation of corrosion in plasticized blast furnace cement concretes mixed with sea water can be provided through a composition of minor additional constituents, with percentage by mass of the main constituents: alkali metal compounds, 2…3; calcium aluminate cement, 1; clinoptilolite, 1. The alkali metal compounds are known to activate hydraulic properties of ground granulated blast furnace slag. A calcium aluminate cement promotes the accelerated chemical binding of Cl− and SO42−-ions with the formation of Kuzel’s salt. A clinoptilolite occludes these aggressive ions. The positive effects of the mentioned minor additional constituents in the blast furnace cement were supported by the increased early strength gain and the higher structural density, as well as by a good state of steel reinforcement, in the plasticized concretes mixed with sea water.

Design, Characterization, and Incorporation of the Alkaline Aluminosilicate Binder in Temperature-Insulating Composites

“…The durability of ancient concretes and the similarity of their structure to that of alkali-activated cement concretes allowed us to infer their high durability. The excellent performance properties of alkali-activated materials, such as their high strength and heat, corrosion, and freezethaw resistance [4][5][6][7], have been confirmed by over 65 years' experience of their use. The composition of zeolite-like products is determined by structural features of aluminosilicate components (precursor), alongside their composition, the applied curing conditions, the rate of chemical reactions, and the binder design [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Sustainable performance of alkali-activated blast furnace cement concrete with high freeze-thaw resistance

“…However, insufficient strength of blast furnace cements in accordance with [13] and the possibility to increase only early strength are disadvantages of these means [14,15]. It was shown, that the application of oxides [16] or salts of alkaline metals (sodium aluminate [17], 1254 (2023) 012003 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1254/1/012003 2 sodium carbonate and silicate [18]), which provide an high alkaline reaction in water, can be a solution to increase the efficiency of blast furnace cements with minor clinker constituent without decrease of strength. Thus, blast furnace cements activated by alkali metal compounds are in compliance with mandatory requirements [19].…”

“…AABFC concrete is characterized by increased protective properties to steel reinforcement due to high content of gel-like hydrosilicates and formation of alkaline hydroaluminosilicates (analogues of natural zeolites), which can bind Cl − ions [43,46,47]. The enhancement of steel reinforcement protection in AABFC concretes, obtained from high consistency mixes, was proposed [12,18,23].…”

Sustainable modified pozzolanic supplementary cementitious materials based on natural zeolite, fly ash and silica fume

“…Alkali-activated cementitious materials are characterized by accelerated hardening and are at the epicenter of a new and necessary transition from modern Portland cement to eco-cements of the future. In particular, this technology may soon reach such a stage of development that it will serve as a link for the development of clinker-free alternative binders [39][40][41][42].…”