Mitigation of Ecuadorian Earthquake Impact

Abstract

The mechanism of "Bing-Bang-Channeling-Cut" was proposed to reduce the volcanic energy ("Bing") from the Galapagos Hot Spot (GHS) for the mitigation of Ecuadorian earthquake impact ("Bang"). The lag time between the volcanic eruptions in the GHS and Ecuadorian earthquake was probably caused by the undersea seamounts of the Carnegie Ridge (CAR) ("Channeling"). Experimental results from the water reservoir showed that the lag time decreased when increasing the number of drilled holes ("Cut") in the bottom of reservoir. The present study showed that there was an additional vector initiating the Ecuadorian earthquake from the volcanic eruption in the GHS through the CAR. It was concluded that the harmful effects of Ecuadorian earthquakes could be mitigated by releasing the volcanic energy through the enlarged exit diameters in Holes of Site 1239 (A, B, C) with the presently productive upwelling chlorophyll system at the northeastern CAR.

Predictions of Galapagos Volcanic Eruption, El Niño, Ecuadorian Earthquake, Global Volcanic Eruption and Forest Fire by Sunspot Number

“…Such a two peak pattern is similar to the solar insolation [17] for the latitude 0˚ March Equinox and September Equinox while the latitude of the Galapagos Islands is −0.777˚. Therefore, maximal sunspot number, with the strong solar insolation in the GHS, governs the volcanic eruptions in the GHS with relationship in earthquakes in Ecuador, Colombia and Peru [16].…”

“…The year of volcanic eruptions in the GHS showed significant (R 2 = 0.9943) linearity with the year of earthquake events [16], as shown in Figure 7. It is necessary to prepare for volcanic eruptions in the GHS, El Niño events and earthquakes in Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru during the period of the maximal sunspot number.…”

“…The low correlation coefficient (R 2 = 0.1631) between the year of volcanic eruption in the GHS and Natural Science the maximal sunspot number in Figure 6 could be caused by data only from observable aboveground volcanic eruptions [16] without invisible undersea volcanic eruptions from 70 unknown seamounts in the GHS [18]. The year of volcanic eruptions in the Galapagos Hot Spot (GHS) was proportional to the year of the El Niño events (R 2 = 0.9939) [6].…”

“…There can be four typical cases such as strong El Niño, weak El Niño, strong La Niña and weak La Niñafor the maximal, two intermediates and the minimal sunspot numbers with approximate duration of 3 years in each case [6]. There were two peaks in both volcanic eruptions and earthquakes in the GHS, Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru [16]. Such a two peak pattern is similar to the solar insolation [17] for the latitude 0˚ March Equinox and September Equinox while the latitude of the Galapagos Islands is −0.777˚.…”

“…. Year of volcanic eruption in the GHS versus the year of earthquake event in Ecuador, Colombia and Peru from 1977 to 2016, with data in [16]. Natural Science Figure 8.…”