Mitigation of Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Deformation in a Sloping Stratum: Three-dimensional Numerical Simulation

Performance Based Earthquake Engineering Approach Applied to Bridges in a Road Network

“…Assuming that at any special location, symmetry conditions can be adopted, periodic boundaries [14] have been considered therefore displacement degrees of freedom of the left and right boundary nodes were tied together both longitudinally and vertically using the penalty method. To this extent, base and lateral boundaries were modelled to be impervious, as to represent a small section of a presumably infinite (or at least very large) soil domain by allowing the seismic energy to be removed from the site itself (more details can be found in [15]). …”

Numerical Analysis of Soil Liquefaction Induced Failure of Embankments

“…OpenSees (Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation, Mazzoni et al [16]) framework was adopted, following the previous research contributions Elgamal et al [4] and Tonni et al [27]. The mesh is composed by the 9-4 QuadUP elements, which are able to simulate fluid-solid coupling in order to consider the effective stress analysis.…”

3d Numerical Simulations of a Base-Isolated Residential Building With Soil Structure Interaction

“…Here it has been modified in order to consider the presence of the system structure -foundation. Based on previous studies [12][13], the soil has been considered a one-layer homogenous cohesive material with a 20 m depth, that consists in a 3D FE mesh (68.4m x 74.4m x 20.5m) composed of 2992 brickUP linear isoparametric 8-nodes elements with 4025 nodes. Horizontally has been discretized in six layers, from center to the outward, while vertically in four layers; 0.5 m thickness for the first and 6.7 m for the others.…”

“…The boundaries are located as far as possible from the structure as to decrease any effect on the response. For more details, see [6] and [12]. Connections between the structure and the soil are built up with specific elements called "equaldof" which are able to impose the displacements to be the same between the structure and the soil nodes.…”