2013
DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.112.681700
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Mitigation of Murine Focal Cerebral Ischemia by the Hypocretin/Orexin System is Associated With Reduced Inflammation

Abstract: Background and Purpose Brain ischemia causes immediate and delayed cell death that is exacerbated by inflammation. Recent studies show that hypocretin-1/orexin-A (Hcrt-1) reduces ischemic brain injury, and Hcrt-positive neurons modulate infection-induced inflammation. Here we tested the hypothesis that Hcrt plays a protective role against ischemia by modulating inflammation. Methods Orexin/ataxin-3 (AT) mice, a transgenic strain in which Hcrt-producing neurons degenerate in early adulthood, and wild type (WT… Show more

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Cited by 78 publications
(61 citation statements)
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“…Concentrations of OXA and PA are based on Xiong et al and Wang et al [8, 14]. For all assays, cells were serum starved for 24 h. The experiment was completed in two stages: a 1 h pre-incubation followed by a 4 h challenge.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Concentrations of OXA and PA are based on Xiong et al and Wang et al [8, 14]. For all assays, cells were serum starved for 24 h. The experiment was completed in two stages: a 1 h pre-incubation followed by a 4 h challenge.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Orexin A (OXA) and B (OXB) regulate homeostatic mechanisms of energy balance and metabolism [3] through activation of two G-protein coupled receptors, orexin receptors 1 and 2 (OX1R and OX2R, respectively) [2]. Recent studies have shown that orexin plays a role in neuroprotection [3, 4], in part by reducing lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, and inflammation [5-8]. Data suggest that the neuroprotective effects of orexin could rely on modulation of microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Regulation of appetite and stress response [24][25][26] Respiratory effects [27][28][29] Addiction 11,25,26,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Behavioral changes associated with cocaine administration 39 Analgesia 11,40 Food intake regulation 23,41 Central regulation of feeding (of blind cavefish) 42 Regulation of glucose metabolism 43,44 Energy balance regulation 45,46 Insulin secretion regulation 44 Variability in diet-induced obesity sensitivity 47 Proliferation and viability of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes 48 Body temperature regulation 46,49 Neuroendocrine function 6,49,50 Pituitary hormone secretion 51 Cardiovascular activities 49,[52][53][54] Post-ischemic attenuation of inflammatory responses (neuroprotection) 55 Prevention of cerebral ischemic neuronal damage (neuroprotection) 43 Reproduction [56][57]…”
Section: Mechanisms/effects Referencesmentioning
confidence: 99%