Mitigation of Offshore Wind Turbines on High-Frequency Coastal Oceanographic Radar

Trockel, Dale; Rodriguez-Alegre, I.; Barrick, Donald E.; Whelan, Chad; Vesesky, J. F.; Roarty, Hugh

doi:10.1109/oceans.2018.8604609

Cited by 4 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Prior to 2011, studies of wind turbine interference (WTI) focused primarily on aviation (Lemmon, 2008) and Doppler weather (Greving, 2010) radar systems. As shown in Figure 3, WTI manifests as peaks in range and Doppler frequency in the HF Doppler spectrum that are added to the first order Bragg-scattered signal from ocean waves, or appears in parts of the spectrum that can disrupt the Bragg-scattered signal (Wyatt et al, 2011;Trockel et al 2018). Both the first order and second order Bragg-scattered signals are used to derive oceanographic data.…”

Section: C3 -Previous Efforts To Understand and Mitigate Wind Turbinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initial steps toward mitigating WTI were made by the study documented in Trockel et al (2018). This most recent effort developed equations for calculating the position and relative amplitude of WTI harmonic peaks in HF radar range-Doppler spectra based on generalized turbine and radar parameters.…”

Section: C3 -Previous Efforts To Understand and Mitigate Wind Turbinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• WTI mixed with Bragg-scattered signals of the ocean currents cause direction finding errors, • turbine peaks near 1st order Bragg scatter peaks cause erroneous 1st order identification leading to large ocean current errors, and • turbine peaks raise the background noise floor, reducing the dynamic range of ocean current signals that can be captured by the radar. Trockel et al (2018) also explored several potential mitigation strategies using data collected from the Block Island wind farm, including: identifying and removing contaminated ranges (i.e. Figure 4), identifying and removing contaminated range-Doppler results, as well as efforts to correct radial velocities in contaminated areas.…”

Section: C3 -Previous Efforts To Understand and Mitigate Wind Turbinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Providing detailed suggestions for next steps, Trockel et al (2018) was careful to emphasize the need to develop more comprehensive and accurate simulation tools with the capability to simulate WTI from many more turbines. Additionally, their effort was not able to quantitatively assess the magnitude of the error reductions, in terms of velocity errors, due to mitigation methods or the potential for data/coverage losses due to mitigation of the interference.…”

Section: C3 -Previous Efforts To Understand and Mitigate Wind Turbinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…correcting the radial velocities), rather than simply discarding it as is shown in Figure 4. It should also be noted that, while analysis of the impacts of WTI on HF radar range-Doppler spectra processing since 2015 have been focused primarily on compact, crossloop antenna systems, many of the mitigation strategies identified by Trockel et al (2018) can in theory be applied to PA radar systems running in either direction finding (DF) mode or beam forming (BF) mode.…”

Section: C3 -Previous Efforts To Understand and Mitigate Wind Turbinmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

High Frequency Radar Wind Turbine Interference Community Working Group Report

Kirincich¹,

Cahl²,

Emery³

et al. 2019

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Land-based High Frequency (HF) Radars provide critically important observations of the coastal ocean that will be adversely affected by the spinning blades of utility-scale wind turbines. Pathways to mitigate the interference of turbines on HF radar observations exist for small number of turbines; however, a greatly increased pace of research is required to understand how to minimize the complex interference patterns that will be caused by the large arrays of turbines planned for the U.S. outer continental shelf. To support the U.S.'s operational and scientific needs, HF radars must be able to collect high-quality measurements of the ocean's surface in and around areas with significant numbers of wind turbines. This is a solvable problem, but given the rapid pace of wind energy development, immediate action is needed to ensure that HF radar wind turbine interference mitigation efforts keep pace with the planned build out of turbines. A comprehensive mitigation strategy, with specific research objectives, is required to ensure that HF radars will be able to provide continuous observations in service of our national environmental intelligence needs: 1. In the near-term (0-6 months), expanded observations at existing wind farms and improved simulations of wind turbine interference are required. 2. In the mid-term (6 months to 2 years), initial mitigation methods should be developed and tested using historical datasets, simulations, and in situ observations from within the first major installation; 3. In the long term (2-5 years), a robust and coordinated in situ effort should be carried out to validate mitigation methods, test mitigation software for surface current products, and further mitigation development for advanced HF radar products. This community working group report should be widely distributed to all interested parties.

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Section: C3 -Previous Efforts To Understand and Mitigate Wind Turbinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: C3 -Previous Efforts To Understand and Mitigate Wind Turbinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: C3 -Previous Efforts To Understand and Mitigate Wind Turbinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: C3 -Previous Efforts To Understand and Mitigate Wind Turbinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: C3 -Previous Efforts To Understand and Mitigate Wind Turbinmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

High Frequency Radar Wind Turbine Interference Community Working Group Report

Kirincich¹,

Cahl²,

Emery³

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Strategies for Operating HF Radars in Field of View of Offshore Wind Turbines

Trockel,

Emery,

Kirincich

et al. 2023

OCEANS 2023 - MTS/IEEE U.S. Gulf Coast

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Real-time quality assurance and quality control for a high frequency radar network

Roarty,

Updyke,

Nazzaro

et al. 2024

Front. Mar. Sci.

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This paper recommends end to end quality assurance methods and quality control tests for High Frequency Radar Networks. We focus on the network that is operated by the Mid Atlantic Regional Association Coastal Ocean Observing System (MARACOOS). The network currently consists of 38 radars making real-time measurements of the surface currents over the continental shelf for a variety of applications including search and rescue planning, oil spill trajectory modelling and providing a transport context for marine biodiversity observing networks. MARACOOS has been delivering surface current measurements to the United States Coast Guard (USCG) since May 2009. Data quality is important for all applications; however, since the USCG uses this surface current information to plan life-saving missions, delivery of the best quality data is crucial. We have mapped the components of the HF radar data processing chain onto the data levels presented in the NASA Earth Science Reference Handbook and have applied quality assurance and quality control techniques at each data level to achieve the highest quality data. There are approximately 400 High Frequency radars (HFRs) deployed globally and the presented techniques can provide a foundation for data quality checks and standardization of the data collected by the large number of systems operating today.

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Mitigation of Offshore Wind Turbines on High-Frequency Coastal Oceanographic Radar

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

High Frequency Radar Wind Turbine Interference Community Working Group Report

High Frequency Radar Wind Turbine Interference Community Working Group Report

Strategies for Operating HF Radars in Field of View of Offshore Wind Turbines

Real-time quality assurance and quality control for a high frequency radar network

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