Mitigation of Water-Deficit Stress, Physio-morphological Adaptation, and Elevation of Andrographolide in Andrographis paniculata using Foliar Glycine Betaine

Chungloo, Daonapa; Tisarum, Rujira; Samphumphuang, Thapanee; Sotesaritkul, Thanyaporn; Singh, Harminder Pal; Takabe, Tetsuko; Cha–um, Suriyan

doi:10.1007/s00344-022-10818-8

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Exogenous GB spray enhanced the buildup of endogenous GB content in flax, enhancing its capacity to withstand drought stress [132]. In green chiretta, 50 mM and 100 mM GB applications under drought stress led to enhanced total soluble sugars, osmotic potential, free proline, leaf temperature, and crop water stress index [133]. 50, 100, and 150 µM GB applications stimulated spinach's catalase activity, proline, proteins, carotenoids, and chlorophyll content under drought conditions [130].…”

Section: Water Stress and Glycine Betainementioning

confidence: 99%

Glycine Betaine

Singh

Choudhary

2022

J. Pharm. Nutr. Sci.

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Abiotic stresses like temperature, water, salinity, ultraviolet (UV) radiations, heavy metals, etc., affect plants’ growth and yield. Despite these constraints, plants produce a variety of metabolites to maintain their survival. Primary metabolites, produced through crucial metabolic processes, are essential for plants survival. Additionally, secondary metabolites (SMs) are synthesized from primary metabolites and are mainly used as a defensive mechanism and a means of interacting with unfavorable environmental conditions. In addition to their defensive function in plants, SMs are significant in the pharmaceutical industry. Glycine betaine (GB) is a quaternary ammonium compound that belongs to a class of SMs, present in plants, animals, and microbes. It functions as a compatible solute and reflects potential bioactivity against various abiotic stresses like salinity, water, heat, heavy metals, UV radiations, etc. Due to high solubility and low viscosity, its accumulation is commonly observed in chloroplasts and plastids. The accumulation level generally depends on plant species, growth stage, exposure duration, and stress's nature. GB reduces oxidative stress and prevents the damaging of photosystems and other biomolecules under stressful conditions. It is important for maintaining the water potential and osmotic pressure of cells and hence functions as a potent osmolyte under salinity stress. Excessive production of ROS during temperature stress is responsible for damage to oxygen-evolving complexes, electron transport chains, and photosystems. In order to protect plants from these damages, GB activates the genes responsible for synthesizing heat shock proteins, glycoproteins, and antioxidants via various signaling pathways. GB alleviates the effect of water stress by maintaining the function of rubisco and calcium ion ATPase activity via crosstalk with Abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene. GB supports the proper functioning of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase (antioxidative enzymes) to overcome various stresses. Phytohormones like salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ABA, ethylene, and polyamines (PAS) coordinate well with GB via different signaling pathways to ensure plant protection under various abiotic stresses. The potential bioactivity of GB against various abiotic stresses in plants has been summarized in this review.

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Section: Water Stress and Glycine Betainementioning

confidence: 99%

Glycine Betaine

Singh

Choudhary

2022

J. Pharm. Nutr. Sci.

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“…Glycine betaine (N, N ′ , N ′′ -trimethyl glycine; GB) is an important osmotic regulator. It is a quaternary ammonium compound that accumulates in various organisms adapted to arid or high-salt environments, and can enhance plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses [23][24][25]. However, tobacco cannot synthesize GB by itself and GB can be accumulated in the tobacco by the genetic engineering of the GB synthase gene, so the stress resistance of tobacco can thus be effectively improved [26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenic Tobacco with the BADH Gene Shows Enhanced Photosynthesis Resistance to Drought Stress Induced by PEG-6000

Wang,

Yang,

Xue

2024

Agronomy

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Extreme weather events, including drought, have occurred worldwide with increasing frequency and severity in recent years. Drought stress is the main limiting factor for agricultural development in many regions, including tobacco—an important economic crop and a model plant for scientific research. As it is adapted to the tropics, tobacco is highly susceptible to drought stress, with resultant decreases in yield and quality. Glycine betaine (GB) is an osmoregulatory substance that can enhance plant resistance to various abiotic stresses. Here, we investigate the protective mechanism of genetically engineered glycine betaine (GB) on tobacco photosynthesis under drought stress induced by 30% PEG-6000. This study used transgenic tobacco (T) accumulating GB and wild-type tobacco (WT) to investigate the protective effects conferred by the genetic engineering of GB synthesis on tobacco photosynthesis under drought stress (induced by 30% PEG-6000). The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate of the tobacco plants significantly decreased under drought stress, and the degree of decrease was significantly lower in the T line than in the WT line. GB accumulation improved the resistance of photosynthesis to drought stress. Furthermore, under drought stress, the photosynthesis improvement in the T line was related to the accumulation of GB, leading to maintenance of the water status, the promotion of osmotic regulation, and an enhancement in antioxidant enzyme activities, which reduced membrane peroxidation and thereby increased the thylakoid membrane’s protein content and function, especially the photosystem II (PSII) function. The results provide a theoretical basis for further research on genetic engineering related to GB synthesis and the field application of exogenous GB.

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