Mitochondria-targeting hemicyanine photosensitizer as an inducer for MMP loss and cell apoptosis based on radical enhanced ISC strategy

Radical enhanced intersystem crossing mechanism, electron spin dynamics of high spin states and their applications in the design of heavy atom-free triplet photosensitizers

“…60). 68 The dye has NIR absorption at about 668 nm and a higher sensitization ability to produce singlet oxygen than the dye without TEMPO radical. The triplet state lifetime of 60 is about 1.25 μs, which is long enough to facilitate the energy transfer between the triplet excited state and molecular oxygen.…”

“…This review article introduces the characterization methods of high spin states and the ESP characteristics of different REISC mechanisms in detail and also summarizes the molecular structure design principles of triplet photosensitizers based on the REISC mechanism. It also introduces the potential applications of REISC systems as qubits or qudits 26,65–67 and presents an outlook of the REISC mechanism in bioimaging, 68,69 triplet–triplet annihilation up-conversion (TTA-UC), 70 PDT, 71,72 etc . This review article will facilitate the ultimate possibility to establish design protocols for exhibiting the desired properties for triplet PSs based on the REISC mechanism.…”