Mitochondrial and Cytoplasmic Isoleucyl-, Glutamyl-and Arginyl-tRNA Synthetases of Yeast are Encoded by Separate Genes

Tzagoloff, Alexander; Shtanko, Andrey

doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.0582h.x

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Until now, deficiency of the mitochondrial tRNA Arg synthetase had been identified only in yeast. 13 As expected, mitochondrial protein synthesis was impaired in the mutants, and the enzymatic activities of the mitochondrial respiratory-chain complexes III, IV, and V were markedly reduced.…”

supporting

confidence: 63%

Deleterious Mutation in the Mitochondrial Arginyl–Transfer RNA Synthetase Gene Is Associated with Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia

Edvardson

Shaag

Kolesnikova

et al. 2007

The American Journal of Human Genetics

307

267

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Homozygosity mapping was performed in a consanguineous Sephardic Jewish family with three patients who presented with severe infantile encephalopathy associated with pontocerebellar hypoplasia and multiple mitochondrial respiratory-chain defects. This resulted in the identification of an intronic mutation in RARS2, the gene encoding mitochondrial arginine-transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetase. The mutation was associated with the production of an abnormally short RARS2 transcript and a marked reduction of the mitochondrial tRNA(Arg) transcript in the patients' fibroblasts. We speculate that missplicing mutations in mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthethase genes preferentially affect the brain because of a tissue-specific vulnerability of the splicing machinery.

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supporting

confidence: 63%

Deleterious Mutation in the Mitochondrial Arginyl–Transfer RNA Synthetase Gene Is Associated with Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia

Edvardson

Shaag

Kolesnikova

et al. 2007

The American Journal of Human Genetics

307

267

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“…1a). ISM1 codes for the mitochondrial isoleucyl tRNA synthetase, which is speci®cally involved in mitochondrial protein synthesis (Tzagolo and Shtanko 1995). Deletion of the ISM1 gene resulted in all the phenotypes observed in the originally isolated fap6 mutant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mitochondrial cytochrome c peroxidase Ccp1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is involved in conveying an oxidative stress signal to the transcription factor Pos9 (Skn7)

et al. 1999

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In Saccharomyces cerevisiae two transcription factors, Pos9 (Skn7) and Yap1, are involved in the response to oxidative stress. Fusion of the Pos9 response-regulator domain to the Gal4 DNA-binding domain results in a transcription factor which renders the expression of a GAL1-lacZ reporter gene dependent on oxidative stress. To identify genes which are involved in the oxygen-dependent activation of the Gal4-Pos9 hybrid protein we screened for mutants that failed to induce the heterologous test system upon oxidative stress (fap mutants for factors activating Pos9). We isolated several respiration-deficient and some respiration-competent mutants by this means. We selected for further characterization only those mutants which also displayed an oxidative-stress-sensitive phenotype. One of the respiration-deficient mutants (complementation groupfap6) could be complemented by the ISM1 gene, which encodes mitochondrial isoleucyl tRNA synthetase, suggesting that respiration competence was important for signalling of oxidative stress. In accordance with this notion a rho0 strain and a wild-type strain in which respiration had been blocked (by treatment with antimycin A or with cyanide) also failed to activate Gal4-Pos9 upon imposition of oxidative stress. Another mutant, fap24, which was respiration-competent, could be complemented by CCP1, which encodes the mitochondrial cytochrome c peroxidase. Mitochondrial cytochrome c peroxidase degrades reactive oxygen species within the mitochondria. This suggested a possible sensor function for the enzyme in the oxidative stress response. To test this we used the previously described point mutant ccp1 W191F, which is characterized by a 10(4)-fold decrease in electron flux between cytochrome c and cytochrome c peroxidase. The Ccp1W191F mutant was still capable of activating the Pos9 transcriptional activation domain, suggesting that the signalling function of Ccp1 is independent of electron flux rates.

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“…The presence of a second gene for glycyl-tRNA synthetase in S. cerevisiae raised the possibility that S. cerevisiae had a distinct mitochondrial GlyRS activity. Although individual genes encoding separate cytoplasmic and mitochondrial aaRS activities is common for S. cerevisiae and most other eukaryotes(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51), this situation had not been demonstrated for eukaryotic GlyRSs. The data presented here show that S. cerevisiae GlyRS1 encodes both mitochondrial and cytoplasmic functions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

One of Two Genes Encoding Glycyl-tRNA Synthetase inSaccharomyces cerevisiae Provides Mitochondrial and Cytoplasmic Functions

Turner

Lovato

Schimmel

2000

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, two genes (GRS1 and GRS2) encode glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GlyRS1 and GlyRS2, respectively). 59% of the sequence of GlyRS2 is identical to that of GlyRS1. Others have proposed that GRS1 and GRS2 encode the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial enzymes, respectively. In this work, we show that GRS1 encodes both functions, whereas GRS2 is dispensable. In addition, both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial phenotypes of the knockout allele of GRS1 in S. cerevisiae are complemented by the expression of the only known gene for glycyl-tRNA synthetase in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Thus, a single gene for glycyl-tRNA synthetase likely encodes both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial activities in most or all yeast. Phylogenetic analysis shows that GlyRS2 is a predecessor of all yeast GlyRS homologues. Thus, GRS1 appears to be the result of a duplication of GRS2, which itself is pseudogene-like.

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Mitochondrial and Cytoplasmic Isoleucyl-, Glutamyl-and Arginyl-tRNA Synthetases of Yeast are Encoded by Separate Genes

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Deleterious Mutation in the Mitochondrial Arginyl–Transfer RNA Synthetase Gene Is Associated with Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia

Deleterious Mutation in the Mitochondrial Arginyl–Transfer RNA Synthetase Gene Is Associated with Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia

The mitochondrial cytochrome c peroxidase Ccp1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is involved in conveying an oxidative stress signal to the transcription factor Pos9 (Skn7)

One of Two Genes Encoding Glycyl-tRNA Synthetase inSaccharomyces cerevisiae Provides Mitochondrial and Cytoplasmic Functions

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