Mitochondrial ATP production rate in 55 to 73‐year‐old men: effect of endurance training

Berthon, Pierre; Freyssenet, Damien; Chatard, Jean‐Claude; Castells, J.; Mujika, Iñigo; Geyssant, A.; Guezennec, C. Y.; Denis, Christian

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1995.tb09908.x

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…There were no interactions between age and the training response of the mitochondrial measurements. Improvements in VO 2peak and oxidative enzymes in response to aerobic exercise have been previously shown in older people (56,57). Earlier studies also showed that vigorous training results in higher muscle mRNA content of TFAM and other mitochondrial genes in young men (58,59).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Collectively, these findings demonstrate that despite age-related functional decline, skeletal muscle capacity for mitochondrial biogenesis remains high in older muscle when faced with the metabolic demands of regular exercise. Exerciseinduced increases in muscle oxidative enzymes are consistent with higher ATP production capacity (56) and may lead to greater ability to utilize glucose. However, the present data demonstrate that changes in muscle mitochondrial function and insulin-mediated glucose disposal are not closely related.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Impact of Aerobic Exercise Training on Age-Related Changes in Insulin Sensitivity and Muscle Oxidative Capacity

et al. 2003

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1Insulin resistance increases and muscle oxidative capacity decreases during aging, but lifestyle changesespecially physical activity-may reverse these trends. Here we report the effect of a 16-week aerobic exercise program (n ‫؍‬ 65) or control activity (n ‫؍‬ 37) performed by men and women aged 21-87 years on insulin sensitivity and muscle mitochondria. Insulin sensitivity, measured by intravenous glucose tolerance test, decreased with age (r ‫؍‬ ؊0.32) and was related to abdominal fat content (r ‫؍‬ ؊0.65). Exercise increased peak oxygen uptake (VO 2peak ; 10%), activity of muscle mitochondrial enzymes (citrate synthase and cytochrome c oxidase, 45-76%) and mRNA levels of mitochondrial genes (COX4, ND4, both 66%) and genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1␣, 55%; NRF-1, 15%; TFAM, 85%). Exercise also increased muscle GLUT4 mRNA and protein (30 -52%) and reduced abdominal fat (5%) and plasma triglycerides (25%). None of these changes were affected by age. In contrast, insulin sensitivity improved in younger people but not in middle-aged or older groups. Thus, the muscle mitochondrial response to 4 months of aerobic exercise training was similar in all age-groups, although the older people did not have an improvement in insulin sensitivity. Diabetes 52: 1888 -1896, 2003 T he number of people with type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance is rapidly increasing (1,2). Key factors contributing to this increase in diabetes include age, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle (3-8). Exercise is a readily available intervention that can increase insulin action (9 -14) and prevent the onset of diabetes (15-18). An important question is whether the effects of aerobic exercise on insulin action are diminished with advancing age. A recent study reported that a vigorous 7-day exercise program increased insulin sensitivity and muscle glucose transporter (GLUT4) content by a similar amount in younger (22 years) and older (61 years) people (12). However, current health and fitness guidelines for healthy adults recommend exercising at more moderate intensities at least 3 days per week over long periods (19). Thus, the first purpose of the current study was to determine whether a 4-month program of bicycle training that could be readily followed by most elderly individuals would lead to a similar improvement in insulin sensitivity in men and women across a wide age span.Skeletal muscle is the major site of insulin-mediated glucose disposal and is implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and diabetes (20,21). Several pieces of evidence suggest that insulin action may be related to the oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle. First, aerobic exercise training improves both insulin sensitivity and activity of oxidative enzymes in muscle (22,23). Second, people who are obese and insulin resistant or have type 2 diabetes tend to have lower activity of muscle oxidative enzymes (24,25). Third, insulin infusion preferentially stimulates the synthesis rate of mitochondrial proteins in skeletal muscle (26) and increa...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Impact of Aerobic Exercise Training on Age-Related Changes in Insulin Sensitivity and Muscle Oxidative Capacity

et al. 2003

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“…Changes in FFA availability and in the enzymatic steps involved in fat oxidation could be associated factors. In fact, endurance training has been shown to increase synthesis andaor activity of lipoprotein lipase, 25 fatty-acid binding protein, 26 carnitylacyl transferases 1 and 2 27,28 and enzymes of the oxidative pathway 29,30 in muscles of young or elderly people (except for the carnityl-acyl transferases 1 and 2 which have been studied in rats). The higher intramitochondrial availability of FFA could, therefore, promote their metabolism at the expense of glucose as described by Randle et al 31 However, increase in FFA availability was shown to play a minor role in the control of substrate oxidation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-course effects of endurance training on fat oxidation in sedentary elderly people

et al. 1999

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate alterations in whole body fat oxidation after 7 and 14 weeks of progressive endurance training in sedentary elderly subjects. DESIGN: Longitudinal, 14 weeks of progressive endurance training on a cycle ergometer (3 training sessions per week). Full sets of measurements were performed before, and after 7 and 14 weeks of training. SUBJECTS: 13 healthy sedentary subjects (5 men, 8 women) (age 62.8 AE 2.3 y). MEASUREMENTS: 24 h indirect calorimetric measurements under standardised conditions: light-activity programme, ®xed food composition, neutral daily energy balance. Body composition (by isotope dilution and skinfold thicknesses). Maximal oxygen consumption. RESULTS: Loss of 0.7 kg fat mass in the ®rst 7 weeks of training and a further 2.4 kg of fat in the second 7 weeks. There was a transient increase in sleeping fat oxidation after 7 weeks of training ( 26.1%), associated with transient increase in daily fat oxidation ( AE 11.9%), but fat oxidation then returned to baseline values in the second 7 weeks. There was a correlation between within-subject changes in sleeping fat oxidation after 7 weeks of training and variations in FFM (r 0.62, P 0.02) and maximal oxygen consumption (r À0.56, P`0.05). CONCLUSION: In sedentary elderly subjects, progressive endurance training was associated with a transient increase in sleeping fat oxidation and daily fat oxidation. In free-living conditions, possible changes in daily fat oxidation may have induced a negative fat balance, as judged by fat mass loss.

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“…A 60 ± 120 mg sample of muscle was taken from the vastus lateralis after local anesthesia according to the technique described by Berthon et al 29 Serial sections 10 mm thick were cut on a cryostat at À25 C, perpendicular to the muscle ®bres. The cells were stained with azorubine to evidence their outline.…”

Section: Calculation Of Energy Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced whole-body fat oxidation in women and in the elderly

et al. 2001

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OBJECTIVE:To test the hypothesis that the increase in fat mass observed with aging might be related to a decrease in wholebody fat oxidation. SUBJECTS AND MEASUREMENTS: Forty volunteers had measurements of sleeping and 24 h substrate oxidation in calorimetric chambers, body composition with the 18 O dilution technique, VO 2max , and ®ber composition analysis from a biopsy of vastus lateralis. They were divided into 10 young women, 10 young men, 10 elderly women and 10 elderly men. RESULTS: Sleeping fat oxidation and 24 h fat oxidation were lower in women than in men and in elderly than in young participants. Sleeping fat oxidation was correlated to fat-free mass and energy balance (multivariate analysis). Twenty four hour fat oxidation was correlated to total energy expenditure and energy balance (multivariate analysis). After adjustment for differences in these factors, sleeping and 24 h fat oxidation were no longer different between age and sex groups. None of the parameters of macronutrient metabolism was correlated with muscle ®ber composition. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that fat oxidation is lower in elderly subjects. This difference could favour fat mass gain if fat intake is not adequately reduced. Differences in fat-free mass and in total energy expenditure appear to participate in the reduction in fat oxidation.

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Mitochondrial ATP production rate in 55 to 73‐year‐old men: effect of endurance training

Cited by 31 publications

References 24 publications

Impact of Aerobic Exercise Training on Age-Related Changes in Insulin Sensitivity and Muscle Oxidative Capacity

Impact of Aerobic Exercise Training on Age-Related Changes in Insulin Sensitivity and Muscle Oxidative Capacity

Time-course effects of endurance training on fat oxidation in sedentary elderly people

Reduced whole-body fat oxidation in women and in the elderly

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