Mitochondrial control region haplotypes of the South American sea lion Otaria flavescens (Shaw, 1800)

Artico, L.O.; Bianchini, Adalto; Grübel, Kornelia; Monteiro, Danielle; Estima, Sérgio C.; Oliveira, Larissa Rosa de; Bonatto, Sandro L.; Marins, Luís Fernando

doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2010007500074

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…They also detected signs of a genetic bottleneck approximately 64000 years ago, followed by a demographic expansion in the southernmost colonies, which they related to the Late Pleistocene glaciations. Artico et al (2010) analysed 56 specimens collected from the southern Brazilian coast and described seven novel haplotypes of mtDNA control region for the species.…”

Section: Order Carnivora Familiy Mustelidaementioning

confidence: 99%

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Conservation genetics of South American aquatic mammals: an overview of gene diversity, population structure, phylogeography, non‐invasive methods and forensics

Oliveira¹,

Castro²,

Cárdenas‐Alayza³

et al. 2011

Mammal Review

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Most aquatic mammals have high dispersal potential, and there are often severe conservation concerns related to their legal or illegal harvesting. Therefore, economic, social and forensic factors often arise in decisions relating to their population management. Molecular markers are essential tools in modern conservation genetics, revealing previously unknown aspects of aquatic mammal behaviour, natural history, population structure and demography. Molecular markers also have been used to define management units, to recognize taxonomic units, to conduct forensic analyses and to control illegal wildlife trade, providing valuable information for decision‐making in wildlife conservation and management. We review studies published in peer‐reviewed journals between 1993 and 2010, in which genetic approaches have been applied to conservation‐related issues involving natural populations of 25 species of aquatic mammals in South America. These studies cover just 34% of the 70 aquatic mammal species recorded in South America. Most of the studies are related to population structure, phylogeography, gene flow and dispersal movements. In addition, recent findings relate to evolutionarily significant units, management units, forensics and conservation policy. Finally, we look to the future and, based on numbers of studies and conservation concerns, suggest which species, geographic areas and genetic studies should be prioritized. Moreover, we discuss constraints on research and suggest collaborative works that would provide critical information towards the effective conservation and management of aquatic mammals in South America.

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Section: Order Carnivora Familiy Mustelidaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Artico et al. (2010) analysed 56 specimens collected from the southern Brazilian coast and described seven novel haplotypes of mtDNA control region for the species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation genetics of South American aquatic mammals: an overview of gene diversity, population structure, phylogeography, non‐invasive methods and forensics

Oliveira¹,

Castro²,

Cárdenas‐Alayza³

et al. 2011

Mammal Review

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show abstract

“…The first genetic study of the species with allozymes did not show structure evidence between the colonies of Argentina and Uruguay within Atlantic coast [12]. However, most of the mitochondrial analyses performed to date are somewhat in line with the morphological results, showing strong and significant differentiation (high fixation index) with almost total absence of haplotype sharing between Pacific and Atlantic localities [8,13–16], although the most recent and extensive study that included sequences from Chile and Falkland Islands found two shared haplotypes between these areas [14]. These mtDNA differences have led some authors to propose two evolutionarily significant units (ESUs), one in each ocean [8,15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…These mtDNA differences have led some authors to propose two evolutionarily significant units (ESUs), one in each ocean [8,15,16]. Only the Atlantic Ocean presented data for molecular diversity between colonies using mtDNA and microsatellite loci with the matrilineal marker suggesting a significant difference between distant colonies [8,13–16]. However, the analysis of 13 microsatellite loci from 13 localities shows no significant difference and hence no population structure in the Atlantic [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient female philopatry, asymmetric male gene flow, and synchronous population expansion support the influence of climatic oscillations on the evolution of South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens)

et al. 2017

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The South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) is widely distributed along the southern Atlantic and Pacific coasts of South America with a history of significant commercial exploitation. We aimed to evaluate the population genetic structure and the evolutionary history of South American sea lion along its distribution by analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and 10 nuclear microsatellites loci. We analyzed 147 sequences of mtDNA control region and genotyped 111 individuals of South American sea lion for 10 microsatellite loci, representing six populations (Peru, Northern Chile, Southern Chile, Uruguay (Brazil), Argentina and Falkland (Malvinas) Islands) and covering the entire distribution of the species. The mtDNA phylogeny shows that haplotypes from the two oceans comprise two very divergent clades as observed in previous studies, suggesting a long period (>1 million years) of low inter-oceanic female gene flow. Bayesian analysis of bi-parental genetic diversity supports significant (but less pronounced than mitochondrial) genetic structure between Pacific and Atlantic populations, although also suggested some inter-oceanic gene flow mediated by males. Higher male migration rates were found in the intra-oceanic population comparisons, supporting very high female philopatry in the species. Demographic analyses showed that populations from both oceans went through a large population expansion ~10,000 years ago, suggesting a very similar influence of historical environmental factors, such as the last glacial cycle, on both regions. Our results support the proposition that the Pacific and Atlantic populations of the South American sea lion should be considered distinct evolutionarily significant units, with at least two managements units in each ocean.

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“…Moreover, even with a relatively small sample size, our estimates are close to those reported for other Antarctic seal species, such as Lobodon carcinophaga and Ommatophoca rossii , ( Hd = 0.99 in both cases [ 4 ]). Furthermore, comparing these values with other pinnipeds with a wide range of distribution, they display a generally lower DLOOP variability, as is the case of Otaria flavescens in Brazil ( Hd = 0.670 [ 66 ]) and the Phoca vitulina in the Arctic area ( Hd = 0.363–0.943 [ 67 ]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New data on Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) colonies: A genetic analysis of a top predator from the Ross Sea, Antarctica

et al. 2017

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In this paper, we studied the genetic variability in Weddell seal from colonies in Terra Nova Bay and Wood Bay, both sites located in the Ross Sea area, Antarctica. Two mitochondrial genes and one nuclear gene, with different mutation rates, were sequenced to investigate the haplotype diversity of the colonies and to test for a possible recent expansion. Fifteen microsatellites were used to analyze their genetic structure. Sequenced genes and microsatellites were also used to estimate the effective population size of the studied colonies and the Ross Sea seal population. The Ross Sea has a high density population of Weddel seals, with an estimated effective number of 50,000 females, and 1,341 individuals for the sampling area, possibly due to its high primary production. The colonies showed high diversity (Hd > 0.90) and many exclusive haplotypes (> 75%), likely a consequence of the surprisingly high site fidelity of Weddell seals, despite the proximity of the colonies. Nevertheless, there was low microsatellite differentiation between colonies, suggesting that they are part of a single larger population. Their expansion seemed to have started during the last glacial cycle (around 58,000 years ago), indicating that the Ross Sea seal populations have been present in the area for long time, probably due to the lack of hunting by humans and terrestrial predation. As a top predator, the role of Weddell seals in the Ross Sea ecology is crucial, and its demographic dynamics should be monitored to follow the future changes of such an important ecosystem.

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Mitochondrial control region haplotypes of the South American sea lion Otaria flavescens (Shaw, 1800)

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

Conservation genetics of South American aquatic mammals: an overview of gene diversity, population structure, phylogeography, non‐invasive methods and forensics

Conservation genetics of South American aquatic mammals: an overview of gene diversity, population structure, phylogeography, non‐invasive methods and forensics

Ancient female philopatry, asymmetric male gene flow, and synchronous population expansion support the influence of climatic oscillations on the evolution of South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens)

New data on Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) colonies: A genetic analysis of a top predator from the Ross Sea, Antarctica

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