Mitochondrial Dynamics: Fission and Fusion in Fate Determination of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Ren, Lin; Chen, Xiaodan; Chen, Xiaobing; Li, Jiayan; Cheng, Bin; Xia, Juan

doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.580070

Cited by 105 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 194 publications

(254 reference statements)

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“…At steady state, fission and fusion events are balanced to maintain mitochondrial morphology and function [ 39 ]. When mitochondria undergo fusion, GTPases, mitofusin 1 (MFN-1), and mitofusin 2 (MFN-2) regulate fusion of the outer mitochondria, whereas optic atrophy 1 (OPA-1) regulates fusion of the inner membranes [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. Mitochondrial fission is mediated by the cytosolic dynamin family member dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) [ 43 , 44 , 45 ], which is recruited from the cytosol to form spirals around mitochondria that constrict and sever the inner and outer membranes.…”

Section: Tmem135 Is a Regulator Of Mitochondrial Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TMEM135 has an indirect, yet integral role, in mitochondrial metabolism and membrane potential, where it is thought to regulate mitochondrial fission and fusion [ 6 , 37 , 38 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. Disruption of TMEM135 function in mice can tip the fusion–fission balance towards fusion, leading to an increase in the size and a decrease in the number of mitochondria in cells [ 12 , 52 ].…”

Section: Tmem135 Is a Regulator Of Mitochondrial Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Creating a conditional loss-of-function mouse system would be beneficial to understanding the effects of TMEM135 ablation and overexpression in the tissue of interest. Overall, TMEM135 has been implicated to be a novel regulator of mitochondrial dynamics and cell physiology [ 6 , 37 , 38 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]; thereby, making TMEM135 a critical piece in understanding health and disease.…”

Section: Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

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TMEM135 is a Novel Regulator of Mitochondrial Dynamics and Physiology with Implications for Human Health Conditions

Beasley

Rodman

Collins

et al. 2021

Cells

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Transmembrane proteins (TMEMs) are integral proteins that span biological membranes. TMEMs function as cellular membrane gates by modifying their conformation to control the influx and efflux of signals and molecules. TMEMs also reside in and interact with the membranes of various intracellular organelles. Despite much knowledge about the biological importance of TMEMs, their role in metabolic regulation is poorly understood. This review highlights the role of a single TMEM, transmembrane protein 135 (TMEM135). TMEM135 is thought to regulate the balance between mitochondrial fusion and fission and plays a role in regulating lipid droplet formation/tethering, fatty acid metabolism, and peroxisomal function. This review highlights our current understanding of the various roles of TMEM135 in cellular processes, organelle function, calcium dynamics, and metabolism.

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Section: Tmem135 Is a Regulator Of Mitochondrial Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tmem135 Is a Regulator Of Mitochondrial Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

TMEM135 is a Novel Regulator of Mitochondrial Dynamics and Physiology with Implications for Human Health Conditions

Beasley

Rodman

Collins

et al. 2021

Cells

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“…Another cause of the mitochondrial decline might be the impaired mitochondrial fission and fusion with age. A functioning homeostasis between fusion and fission is necessary to maintain cellular function [ 100 ] and abnormalities cause SC dysfunction. Normally, impairments of mitochondria are counteracted with constant fission, fusion and mitophagy but aging cells display an increasing inability to get rid of damaged mitochondria [ 69 ].…”

Section: Mitochondrial Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Empowering” Cardiac Cells via Stem Cell Derived Mitochondrial Transplantation- Does Age Matter?

Mietsch

Hinkel

2021

IJMS

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With cardiovascular diseases affecting millions of patients, new treatment strategies are urgently needed. The use of stem cell based approaches has been investigated during the last decades and promising effects have been achieved. However, the beneficial effect of stem cells has been found to being partly due to paracrine functions by alterations of their microenvironment and so an interesting field of research, the “stem- less” approaches has emerged over the last years using or altering the microenvironment, for example, via deletion of senescent cells, application of micro RNAs or by modifying the cellular energy metabolism via targeting mitochondria. Using autologous muscle-derived mitochondria for transplantations into the affected tissues has resulted in promising reports of improvements of cardiac functions in vitro and in vivo. However, since the targeted treatment group represents mainly elderly or otherwise sick patients, it is unclear whether and to what extent autologous mitochondria would exert their beneficial effects in these cases. Stem cells might represent better sources for mitochondria and could enhance the effect of mitochondrial transplantations. Therefore in this review we aim to provide an overview on aging effects of stem cells and mitochondria which might be important for mitochondrial transplantation and to give an overview on the current state in this field together with considerations worthwhile for further investigations.

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“…Dynamic-related protein (Drp1) and ssion-1 (Fis1) are the regulators of mitochondrial ssion [13]. Inhibition of Drp1 by interfering RNA or Mdivi-1 increased cardiac differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Mitochondrial Fusion on Chondrogenic Differentiation of Cartilage Progenitor Cells via Notch2 Signal Pathway

Moqbel

Zeng

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating disease that inflicts intractable pain, a major problem that humanity faces, especially in aging populations. Stem cells have been used in the treatment of many chronic diseases, including OA. Cartilage progenitor cells (CPCs) are a type of stem cells with the ability to self- renew and differentiate. They hold a promising future for the understanding of the progression of OA and for its treatment. Previous studies have reported the relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) proliferation, differentiation and aging. Mitochondrial dynamic and morphology change during stem cell differentiation. Methods: This study was performed to access the relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and chondrogenic differentiation of CPCs. Mitochondrial fusion and fission levels were measured during the chondrogenic differentiation process of CPCs. After that, we used mitochondrial fusion promoter to induce fusion in CPCs and then the chondrogenic markers were measured. Using Transmission Elecron Microscopy (TEM) and confocal microscopy to capture the mass and fusion status of mitochondria. Lentiviruses were used to detect the role of mitofusin 2 (MFN2) in CPC chondrogenic differentiation. In vivo, MNF2 was over-expressed in sheets of rCPCs, which were then injected intra-articularly into the knees of rats. Results: Mitochondrial fusion markers were upregulated during the chondrogenic induction process of CPCs. The mass of mitochondria was higher in differentiated CPC and the fusion status was obvious relative to un-differentiated CPC. Chondrogenesis of CPCs was upregulated with the induction by mitochondrial fusion promoter. MFN2 over-expression significantly increased chondrocyte-specific gene expression and reversed OA through Notch2 signal pathway.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that the mitochondrial fusion promotes chondrogenesis differentiation of CPCs. MFN2 accelerates the chondrogenesis differentiation of CPCs through Notch2. In vivo, MNF2-OE in sheets of rCPCs ameliorated OA in the rat model.

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Mitochondrial Dynamics: Fission and Fusion in Fate Determination of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Cited by 105 publications

References 194 publications

TMEM135 is a Novel Regulator of Mitochondrial Dynamics and Physiology with Implications for Human Health Conditions

TMEM135 is a Novel Regulator of Mitochondrial Dynamics and Physiology with Implications for Human Health Conditions

“Empowering” Cardiac Cells via Stem Cell Derived Mitochondrial Transplantation- Does Age Matter?

The Effect of Mitochondrial Fusion on Chondrogenic Differentiation of Cartilage Progenitor Cells via Notch2 Signal Pathway

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