Mitochondrial Genes Collectively Suggest the Paraphyly of Crustacea with Respect to Insecta

García‐Machado, Erik; Pempera, M.; Dennebouy, N.; Oliva-Suarez, Mario; Mounolou, Jean‐Claude; Monnerot, Monique

doi:10.1007/pl00006527

Cited by 56 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Our analysis uses the complete set of mitochondrial protein-encoding genes. Similar approaches have been used successfully to address relationships among arthropods, mammals and birds (García-Machado et al 1999;Arnason et al 2002;Nardi et al 2003a;Harrison et al 2004;Negrisolo et al 2004). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial genomes suggest that hexapods and crustaceans are mutually paraphyletic

2005

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For over a century the relationships between the four major groups of the phylum Arthropoda (Chelicerata, Crustacea, Hexapoda and Myriapoda) have been debated. Recent molecular evidence has confirmed a close relationship between the Crustacea and the Hexapoda, and has included the suggestion of a paraphyletic Hexapoda. To test this hypothesis we have sequenced the complete or near-complete mitochondrial genomes of three crustaceans (Parhyale hawaiensis, Squilla mantis and Triops longicaudatus), two collembolans (Onychiurus orientalis and Podura aquatica) and the insect Thermobia domestica. We observed rearrangement of transfer RNA genes only in O. orientalis, P. aquatica and P. hawaiensis. Of these, only the rearrangement in O. orientalis, an apparent autapomorphy for the collembolan family Onychiuridae, was phylogenetically informative.We aligned the nuclear and amino acid sequences from the mitochondrial protein-encoding genes of these taxa with their homologues from other arthropod taxa for phylogenetic analysis. Our dataset contains many more Crustacea than previous molecular phylogenetic analyses of the arthropods. Neighbourjoining, maximum-likelihood and Bayesian posterior probabilities all suggest that crustaceans and hexapods are mutually paraphyletic. A crustacean clade of Malacostraca and Branchiopoda emerges as sister to the Insecta sensu stricto and the Collembola group with the maxillopod crustaceans. Some, but not all, analyses strongly support this mutual paraphyly but statistical tests do not reject the null hypotheses of a monophyletic Hexapoda or a monophyletic Crustacea. The dual monophyly of the Hexapoda and Crustacea has rarely been questioned in recent years but the idea of both groups' paraphyly dates back to the nineteenth century. We suggest that the mutual paraphyly of both groups should seriously be considered.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial genomes suggest that hexapods and crustaceans are mutually paraphyletic

2005

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“…Consequently, mitochondrial genes have been extensively used in studies of population structure, patterns of gene flow and phylogenetic relationships (e.g. Hale & Singh 1987, Garcia-Machado et al 1999, Saito et al 2000, Schwenk et al 2000, Umetsu et al 2002, Gantenbein & Largiader 2003. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI ), 16S rRNA, ATPase subunit 6 (A6) and Cytochrome b (Cyt b) are among the mitochondrial genes that are highly informative for population genetic studies in other crustaceans and arthropods (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence variation in four mitochondrial genes of the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis

Tjensvoll¹,

Glover²,

Nylund³

2006

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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A total of 210 Lepeophtheirus salmonis collected from 7 locations (Scotland, Russia, Canada, Japan and 3 locations in Norway), were screened for sequence variation in 4 mitochondrial genes; ATPase subunit 6 (A6), Cytochrome b oxidase subunit I (COI ), Cytochrome b (Cyt b) and 16S rRNA. A high level of intraspecific variation was observed within all genes. The majority of polymorphisms were present in single individuals only, which resulted in a high number of private haplotypes within each gene. Little evidence of genetic differentiation was observed among the 3 Norwegian locations or between L. salmonis samples from Norway, Scotland and Russia. Pairwise F ST values indicated that a weak degree of sub-division between L. salmonis sampled in Canada and the Northeast Atlantic might, however, exist. All samples collected in the Atlantic were highly different from the Japanese sample. It is suggested that the lack of genetic differentiation among lice samples from the North Atlantic is a result of extensive gene flow mediated by passive transport of L. salmonis larvae, and the migratory pattern of its salmonid hosts. KEY WORDS: Lepeophtheirus salmonis · A6 · COI · 16S rRNA · Cyt b · Sequence variation · Population genetics · Sea lice Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 68: [251][252][253][254][255][256][257][258][259] 2006 this area (Berland 1993, Holst et al. 1993, Jacobsen & Gaard 1997.Several authors have investigated the population genetic structure of Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Isdal et al. 1997, Todd et al. 1997, 2004, Nolan et al. 2000, Tully & Nolan 2002, Dixon et al. 2004). Studies of allozymes and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) have indicated that different L. salmonis populations may exist in both Norway (Isdal et al. 1997) and Scotland (Todd et al. 1997, Dixon et al. 2004). Genetic differences have also been found between L. salmonis sampled in Norway, Scotland and Ireland (Nolan et al. 2000). However, in a recent study using 6 microsatellite markers, no genetic differentiation was found between samples of L. salmonis collected on wild and farmed salmonids in Scotland, nor between L. salmonis collected on salmonids from Scotland, Norway and Canada (Todd et al. 2004).Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) displays a high mutation rate, accumulating substitutions up to 10 times faster than nuclear genes (Shearer et al. 2002). Combined with the fact that these genes are maternally inherited, reducing the effective population size and increasing opportunity for genetic drift, this makes these genes particularly suitable for population genetic studies. Consequently, mitochondrial genes have been extensively used in studies of population structure, patterns of gene flow and phylogenetic relationships (e.g. Hale & Singh 1987, Garcia-Machado et al. 1999, Saito et al. 2000, Schwenk et al. 2000, Umetsu et al. 2002, Gantenbein & Largiader 2003. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI ), 16S rRNA, ATPase subunit 6 (A6) and Cytochrome b (Cyt b) are am...

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“…Although molecular data have been used to estimate various invertebrate phylogenies for more than a decade, these techniques have been applied to only a few crustacean taxa. In other taxa mitochondrial genes are routinely used to infer invertebrate relationships from populations to the level of order, and in arthropod phylogeny at the level of phylum and subphylum (e.g., Ballard et al, 1992;García-Machado et al, 1999). Mitochondrial phylogenetic studies are beginning to proliferate in crustacean studies as well (summarized in Wetzer, 2001).…”

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Mitochondrial Genes and Isopod Phylogeny (Peracarida: Isopoda)

Wetzer

2002

Journal of Crustacean Biology

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A B S T R A C TMolecular data are used to test whether (1) Phreatoicidea are the earliest derived living isopods, and (2) the long-tailed isopod morphology is the derived condition within the Isopoda. Small and large subunits of the mitochondrial ribosomal genes (12S-and 16S rDNA), and cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI) are used as a case study for exploring the boundaries of applicability of these genes at this taxonomic level. I evaluate three data sets, compare three differently weighted alignments, test data partitions for congruence and phylogenetic structure, and evaluate the topologies of individual and combined data partitions. The 12S-and 16S rDNA partitions are not incongruent. However, the incongruence between ribosomal and COI partitions is significant. The study provides new data for addressing generic, familial, and subordinal relationships of this large, morphologically and ecologically diverse taxon. For the three data sets investigated here, the addition of taxa increases bootstrap values at nodes, more nodes have bootstrap support greater than 50%, and clade topologies are comparable when taxa are added. These mitochondrial genes corroborate isopod clades previously recognized on morphological grounds, and in other instances, suggest relationships not previously proposed, i.e., valviferans had a sphaeromatid ancestor, and oniscids and sphaeromatids may be more closely related than previously thought.

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Mitochondrial Genes Collectively Suggest the Paraphyly of Crustacea with Respect to Insecta

Cited by 56 publications

References 45 publications

Mitochondrial genomes suggest that hexapods and crustaceans are mutually paraphyletic

Mitochondrial genomes suggest that hexapods and crustaceans are mutually paraphyletic

Sequence variation in four mitochondrial genes of the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis

Mitochondrial Genes and Isopod Phylogeny (Peracarida: Isopoda)

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