Mitochondrial lineage M1 traces an early human backflow to Africa

González, Ana M.; Larruga, J. M.; Abu-Amero, Khaled K.; Shi, Yufei; Pestano, J.; Cabrera, Vicente M.

doi:10.1186/1471-2164-8-223

Cited by 77 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Even after the annexation to the Persian Empire, these tribes would have maintained a high degree of isolation that limited the introgression of Indo-European lineages in their mitochondrial pool. The strikingly high frequency of the ancient autochthonous U7 lineage (34.48%), the occurrence of rare haplogroups (K1a9 [44] and M1 [45] ), and the narrower spectrum of lineages that characterize the reduced mtDNA variability of Lurs from Yasouj support this hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Discordant Patterns of mtDNA and Ethno-Linguistic Variation in 14 Iranian Ethnic Groups

Farjadian¹,

Sazzini

Tofanelli

et al. 2011

Hum Hered

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Background/Aims: Present-day Iran has long represented a natural hub for the expansion of human genes and cultures. That being so, the overlapping of prehistoric and more recent demographic events interacting at different time scales with geographical and cultural barriers has yielded a tangled patchwork of anthropological types within this narrow area. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate this ethnic mosaic by depicting a fine-grained picture of the Iranian mitochondrial landscape. Methods: mtDNA variability at both HVS-I and coding regions was surveyed in 718 unrelated individuals belonging to 14 Iranian ethnic groups characterized by different languages, religions and patterns of subsistence. Results: A discordant pattern of high ethno-linguistic and low mtDNA heterogeneity was observed for the whole examined Iranian sample. Geographical factors and cultural/linguistic differences actually represented barriers to matrilineal gene flow only for the Baloch, Lur from Yasouj, Zoroastrian and Jewish groups, for which unusual reduced levels of mtDNA variability and high inter-population distances were found. Conclusion: Deep rooting genealogies and endogamy in a few of the examined ethnic groups might have preserved ancestral lineages that can be representative of Proto-Indo-Iranian or prehistoric mitochondrial profiles which survived relatively recent external contributions to the Iranian gene pool.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Discordant Patterns of mtDNA and Ethno-Linguistic Variation in 14 Iranian Ethnic Groups

Farjadian¹,

Sazzini

Tofanelli

et al. 2011

Hum Hered

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“…These three samples, however, did not bear any difference even when sequencing the complete genome. Nonetheless, when taken together with the other M1a2a individuals (Figure 3) reported in Olivieri et al 16 (sample 1 in Figure 3, accession number EF060335; sample 2, accession number EF060336), González et al 43 (sample 3; accession number DQ779927) and Maca-Meyer et al 44 (sample 4; accession number AF381984) allowed an age estimation for this sub-haplogroup at 8000 ± 2400-years old based on diversity in the coding region. We checked the TMRCA using Soares et al 26 mutations rates for the entire molecule and for the synonymous substitutions, obtaining, respectively, the following concordant dates: 10 400 ± 2300 and 10 200 ± 3400.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Linking the sub-Saharan and West Eurasian gene pools: maternal and paternal heritage of the Tuareg nomads from the African Sahel

et al. 2010

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“…No signs of integration of Guanche typical lineages in the other archipelagos can be deduced. Madeira presents the highest frequencies for the North African subclades U6a and M1 (Gonzalez et al, 2007) (P 5 0.010) and for sub-Saharan African lineages, (P 5 0.001, excluding the Cape Verde islands) compared to the other archipelagos. The existence of typical North and sub-Saharan African lineages in Azores, Madeira, and Canary Islands, according to historical records, has been related to the slave trade and could represent signs of the survival of slave genes until the present day.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Interarchipelago And Mainland Relatiomentioning

confidence: 95%

“…As the male and female lineages chosen to estimate the sub-Saharan African input practically represent the whole sub-Saharan African pool (Plaza et al, 2004;Rosa et al, 2004Rosa et al, , 2007Gonzalez et al, 2006), the normalized female:male lineage ratio used was 50%:50%. However, as the North Africanspecific mtDNA lineages (U6 1 M1) only represent 24% of the female lineages in the region (Rando et al, 1998;Maca-Meyer et al, 2003;Olivieri et al, 2006;Gonzalez et al, 2007), whereas the authoctonous male lineage (M81) reaches a mean frequency of 56% (Bosch et al, 2001;Arredi et al, 2004;Alonso et al, 2005) the normalized female:male lineage ratio used was 30%:70%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial DNA patterns in the Macaronesia islands: Variation within and among archipelagos

Santos

Fregel

Cabrera

et al. 2009

American J Phys Anthropol

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Macaronesia covers four Atlantic archipelagos: the Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands, and the Cape Verde islands. When discovered by Europeans in the 15th century, only the Canaries were inhabited. Historical reports highlight the impact of Iberians on settlement in Macaronesia. Although important differences in their settlement are documented, its influence on their genetic structures and relationships has yet to be ascertained. In this study, the hypervariable region I (HVRI) sequence and coding region polymorphisms of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in 623 individuals from the Azores (120) and Canary Islands (503) were analyzed. Combined with published data, these give a total of 1,542 haplotypes from Macaronesia and 1,067 from the Iberian Peninsula. The results obtained indicate that Cape Verde is the most distinctive archipelago, with an mtDNA pool composed almost exclusively of African lineages. However, the other archipelagos present an mtDNA profile dominated by the presence of West-Eurasian mtDNA haplogroups with African lineages present in varying proportions. Moreover, no signs of integration of typical Canarian U6 lineages in the other archipelagos were detected. The four Macaronesia archipelagos currently have differentiated genetic profiles, and the Azores present the highest intra-archipelago differentiation and the lowest values of diversity. The analyses performed show that the present-day genetic profile of the Macaronesian archipelagos was mainly determined by the initial process of settlement and further microdifferentiation probably as a consequence of the small population size of some islands. Moreover, contacts between archipelagos seem to have had a low impact on the mtDNA genetic pool of each archipelago.

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Mitochondrial lineage M1 traces an early human backflow to Africa

Cited by 77 publications

References 58 publications

Discordant Patterns of mtDNA and Ethno-Linguistic Variation in 14 Iranian Ethnic Groups

Discordant Patterns of mtDNA and Ethno-Linguistic Variation in 14 Iranian Ethnic Groups

Linking the sub-Saharan and West Eurasian gene pools: maternal and paternal heritage of the Tuareg nomads from the African Sahel

Mitochondrial DNA patterns in the Macaronesia islands: Variation within and among archipelagos

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