Mitochondrial paraphyly in a polymorphic poison frog species (Dendrobatidae; D. pumilio)

Hagemann, Sabine; Pröhl, Heike

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.06.010

Cited by 41 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…1 A): Isla Solarte (Cayo Nancy), Aguacate Peninsula, the polymorphic Isla Bastimentos, and Almirante [representing the mainland morph, presumably the ancestral phenotype that occurs throughout most of the species range from Nicaragua to Panama (9,16,53,54)]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual dimorphism and directional sexual selection on aposematic signals in a poison frog

Maan

Cummings

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

175

195

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It is commonly assumed that natural selection imposed by predators is the prevailing force driving the evolution of aposematic traits. Here, we demonstrate that aposematic signals are shaped by sexual selection as well. We evaluated sexual selection for coloration brightness in populations of the poison frog Oophaga [Dendrobates] pumilio in Panama's Bocas del Toro archipelago. We assessed female preferences for brighter males by manipulating the perceived brightness of spectrally matched males in two-way choice experiments. We found strong female preferences for bright males in two island populations and weaker or ambiguous preferences in females from mainland populations. Spectral reflectance measurements, coupled with an O. pumilio-specific visual processing model, showed that O. pumilio coloration was significantly brighter in island than in mainland morphs. In one of the island populations (Isla Solarte), males were significantly more brightly colored than females. Taken together, these results provide evidence for directional sexual selection on aposematic coloration and document sexual dimorphism in vertebrate warning coloration. Although aposematic signals have long been upheld as exemplars of natural selection, our results show that sexual selection should not be ignored in studies of aposematic evolution.aposematism ͉ color ͉ dendrobates ͉ divergence ͉ polymorphism

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual dimorphism and directional sexual selection on aposematic signals in a poison frog

Maan

Cummings

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

175

195

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“…Currently, the Oophaga genus is composed of nine species, which have extraordinary morphological and chemical diversity (Daly, 1995; Daly, Brown, Mensah‐Dwumah, & Myers, 1978; Daly & Myers, 1967; Saporito, Donnelly, et al., 2007). Research conducted in O. pumilio , including a number of studies in population genetics, phylogeography, behavior, diet specialization, and chemical defenses (Dreher, Cummings, & Pröhl, 2015; Gehara et al., 2013; Richards‐Zawacki, Wang, & Summers, 2012; Saporito, Donnelly, et al., 2007), suggests that this species might include at least two distinctive mitochondrial lineages, each of which contain one or more congenerics: O. speciosa , O. arborea , or O. vicentei (Hagemann & Pröhl, 2007; Hauswaldt, Ludewig, Vences, & Pröhl, 2011; Wang & Shaffer, 2008). Moreover, the phylogeographic patterns observed in O. pumilio suggest a series of dispersals and isolations leading to allopatric divergence and then subsequent admixture and introgression among Oophaga species (Hagemann & Pröhl, 2007; Hauswaldt et al., 2011; Wang & Shaffer, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation of the polymorphic Little Devil poison frog (Oophaga sylvatica) in Ecuador

Roland

Santos

Carriker³

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Some South American poison frogs (Dendrobatidae) are chemically defended and use bright aposematic colors to warn potential predators of their unpalatability. Aposematic signals are often frequency‐dependent where individuals deviating from a local model are at a higher risk of predation. However, extreme diversity in the aposematic signal has been documented in poison frogs, especially in Oophaga. Here, we explore the phylogeographic pattern among color‐divergent populations of the Little Devil poison frog Oophaga sylvatica by analyzing population structure and genetic differentiation to evaluate which processes could account for color diversity within and among populations. With a combination of PCR amplicons (three mitochondrial and three nuclear markers) and genome‐wide markers from a double‐digested RAD (ddRAD) approach, we characterized the phylogenetic and genetic structure of 199 individuals from 13 populations (12 monomorphic and 1 polymorphic) across the O. sylvatica distribution. Individuals segregated into two main lineages by their northern or southern latitudinal distribution. A high level of genetic and phenotypic polymorphism within the northern lineage suggests ongoing gene flow. In contrast, low levels of genetic differentiation were detected among the southern lineage populations and support recent range expansions from populations in the northern lineage. We propose that a combination of climatic gradients and structured landscapes might be promoting gene flow and phylogenetic diversification. Alternatively, we cannot rule out that the observed phenotypic and genomic variations are the result of genetic drift on near or neutral alleles in a small number of genes.

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“…However incredible colour diversity exists in Panama on the islands and the mainland of the Bocas del Toro Archipelago (Daly and Myers 1967;Summers et al 2003). Here red, orange, green, blue, yellow, black with yellow or white and other colour pattern are found despite geographic proximity and high genetic relatedness among populations (Hagemann and Pröhl 2007;Wang and Shaffer 2008). Both sexual selection and natural selection exerted by predators have been supposed to be involved in the evolution of this extreme colour diversity (Daly and Myers 1967;Summers et al 1997;Siddiqi et al 2004;Maan and Cummings 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural elements reflect phenotypic colour divergence in a poison frog

Pröhl

Ostrowski

2010

Evol Ecol

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The coexistence of both aposematic and cryptic morphs as different antipredator strategies within a species seems to be an unusual phenomenon in nature. The strawberry poison frog, Oophaga pumilio, shows an astonishing colour diversity among populations in western Panama. In this study we selected a red and a green colour morph from two Panamanian islands (Isla Solarte and Isla Colón) for behavioural observations and measurements of conspicuousness. We found that red frogs were more visible to both conspecific frogs and potential predators than green frogs. Interestingly the difference in conspicuousness was most pronounced at the substrate that males used as principal calling places. Red males were more active and spent more time foraging than green males, which spent more time hidden. The association between conspicuousness of colouration and behaviour results in a more aposematic and a more cryptic anti-predator strategy. This is the first study which links differences in conspicuousness between animals on their natural backgrounds to differences in foraging as well as anti-predator behaviour and discusses the results in light of previous findings of toxicity analyses and potential costs and benefits of aposematism. To this end, our study adds a novel perspective for explaining extreme colour diversity between populations within an initially aposematic species.

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Mitochondrial paraphyly in a polymorphic poison frog species (Dendrobatidae; D. pumilio)

Cited by 41 publications

References 19 publications

Sexual dimorphism and directional sexual selection on aposematic signals in a poison frog

Sexual dimorphism and directional sexual selection on aposematic signals in a poison frog

Radiation of the polymorphic Little Devil poison frog (Oophaga sylvatica) in Ecuador

Behavioural elements reflect phenotypic colour divergence in a poison frog

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