Mitochondrial Phylogeography of Moose (Alces alces): Late Pleistocene Divergence and Population Expansion

Hundertmark, Kris J.; Shields, Gerald F.; Udina, I. G.; Bowyer, R. Terry; Данилкин, А. А.; Schwartz, Charles C.

doi:10.1006/mpev.2001.1058

Cited by 138 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Analysis of the combined dataset indicates a deep temporal split between the two clades (I and II). This observation, coupled with statistical analysis of the temporal distribution of the 14 C ages of these and previously identified members of the two mammoth clades (1), suggests that, although they are apparently sympatric, clade II vanished from Siberia long before clade I.…”

supporting

confidence: 58%

“…This finding expands the observed range of clade II to Ϸ1,100 km (east to west), although it still appears to be limited to the region between the Lena and Kolyma rivers. AMS 14 C dating of the two new clade I individuals indicates that they are 13,995 Ϯ 55 (M15) and 18,560 Ϯ 50 (M19) 14 C years old. In contrast, the three clade II members were radiocarbondated as much older (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the three clade II members were radiocarbondated as much older (Table 1). Only M25 had a finite 14 C age (59,300 Ϯ 2,700 14 C years before the present), whereas the ages of M20 and M21 were both beyond the limit of 14 C dating (M20 Ͼ 63,500 14 C years; M21 Ͼ 58,000 14 C years). This places the three clade II specimens as the oldest of the 18 mammoth mitochondrial genomes that have so far been reconstructed (see Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the one hand, the data could simply represent natural variation within a single species, driven by an early maternal lineage split that was retained in later history, with the clade II sequences disappearing because of genetic drift. A number of extant mammalian taxa show similar patterns of genetic variation within single continuous populations, including moose (14), reindeer (15), and Asian elephants (16), and several ancient DNA studies have shown similar patterns of clade extinction in taxa such as cave bears (17), brown bears (18), wolves (19), and arctic fox (20). On the other hand, in light of the incompleteness of most fossil mammoth remains and our inability to make observations on living mammoths to provide behavioral or other cues that aid in the resolution of the taxonomic relationship between living mammals, the genetic data may provide evidence of something more, specifically the existence of sympatric mammoth species that underwent asynchronous extinction events.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analytical power afforded by the analysis of the complete mtDNA genomes reveals a surprisingly ancient coalescence age of the two clades, Ϸ1-2 million years, depending on the calibration technique. Furthermore, statistical analysis of the temporal distribution of the 14 C ages of these and previously identified members of the two mammoth clades suggests that clade II went extinct before clade I. Modeling of protein structures failed to indicate any important functional difference between genomes belonging to the two clades, suggesting that the loss of clade II more likely is due to genetic drift than a selective sweep.…”

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confidence: 83%

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Intraspecific phylogenetic analysis of Siberian woolly mammoths using complete mitochondrial genomes

Gilbert

Drautz

Lesk

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

146

147

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We report five new complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes of Siberian woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius), sequenced with up to 73-fold coverage from DNA extracted from hair shaft material. Three of the sequences present the first complete mtDNA genomes of mammoth clade II. Analysis of these and 13 recently published mtDNA genomes demonstrates the existence of two apparently sympatric mtDNA clades that exhibit high interclade divergence. The analytical power afforded by the analysis of the complete mtDNA genomes reveals a surprisingly ancient coalescence age of the two clades, Ϸ1-2 million years, depending on the calibration technique. Furthermore, statistical analysis of the temporal distribution of the 14 C ages of these and previously identified members of the two mammoth clades suggests that clade II went extinct before clade I. Modeling of protein structures failed to indicate any important functional difference between genomes belonging to the two clades, suggesting that the loss of clade II more likely is due to genetic drift than a selective sweep.mtDNA genome ͉ phylogeny ͉ ancient DNA ͉ next-generation sequencing A lthough ancient DNA analyses offer the potential to tackle a tantalizing range of otherwise unapproachable questions, the actual achievements of the field have been limited by the postmortem degradation of DNA. Even in well preserved specimens from arctic environments, number of specimens and amount of data per specimen are limited. Previous studies to assess the genetic structure of extinct species, including mammoths (1), have had to rely on short sequence intervals that were often only a few hundred nucleotides in length. This has made it difficult to obtain precise estimates of substitution rates and divergence times, particularly for species exhibiting low levels of genetic variation. Additionally, it is possible that the accuracy of these estimates has been compromised by the presence of sequence damage in the form of miscoding lesions, which can introduce significant biases in estimates of evolutionary parameters (2). These problems can be addressed by large-scale sequencing with manifold coverage, which will increase the amount of informative data while filtering out the spurious polymorphisms resulting from sequence damage. This should serve to increase both the precision and accuracy of demographic estimates.

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supporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 83%

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Intraspecific phylogenetic analysis of Siberian woolly mammoths using complete mitochondrial genomes

Gilbert

Drautz

Lesk

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

146

147

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The Nasal Complex of a Semiaquatic Artiodactyl, the Moose (Alces alces): Is it a Good Evolutionary Model for the Ancestors of Cetaceans?

Márquez

Pagano

Mongle

et al. 2018

The Anatomical Record

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Among Cetartiodactyla, cetaceans are the only obligate aquatic dwellers. Given morphological similarities between cetacean relatives such as Indohyus (the best represented Eocene raoellid artiodactyl) with other, later artiodactyls, any crown artiodactyl that engages in aquatic behaviors is of interest as an evolutionary model for the adaptations that accompanied the origins of cetaceans. The American moose (Alces alces) is the only non‐cetacean artiodactyl to engage in aquatic foraging and, other than Hippopotamus, is distinctive in its diving behaviors. This study surveyed the soft and hard tissue nasal morphology of Alces alces to assess phylogenetic polarity and the presence of adaptations for diving and feeding in fresh water habitats. A fresh dissection of the facial musculature and nasal cavity was performed on one subadult male individual and osteological analyses were also performed on dry crania. This species was analyzed alongside fossil crania of Cervalces (its presumed ancestor), other cervids (e.g., Odocoileus virginianus, the white tail deer; Dama dama, the fallow deer), a bovid (Bos taurus, domestic cattle), and a carnivoran (Ursus americanus, the American black bear). A fresh dissection of the facial musculature and nasal anatomy of one fallow deer specimen was also performed for comparison with the moose. Results indicate that Alces alces exhibited a primitive configuration of maxillolabial muscles and, like Dama, exhibited a series of subcutaneous fibrous tissues connecting these muscles to skin. Alces and Dama, however, both exhibited autapomorphies in the soft tissue anatomy of the external nares. The former possessed a series of muscles that act to constrict the anterior nares, likely during diving. Extremely large fibrofatty pads that were perforated by muscle tendon supported their alar fold. Internally, a double‐scrolled maxilloturbinal occupied nearly the entire volume of the anterior nasal cavity and protruded beyond the rim of the piriform aperture in dry crania. Dama had long, thin muscles taking origin on their nasal conchae and inserting onto the alar fold. Yet, despite these anterior nasal autapomorphies, the ethmoturbinal patterns of all observed cervids and the one bovid all appeared primitive with a posteroinferiorly oriented array of ethmoturbinals in close contact with a relatively straight cribriform plate, a macrosmatic condition. These differed from the curved cribriform plate of Ursus whose posterior nasal anatomy appeared hyper‐macrosmatic. Indohyus exhibits no skeletal sign of a fleshy proboscis such as an enlarged piriform aperture or shortened nasal bones. Thus, there is little evidence that the early ancestors of cetaceans engaged in prolonged bouts of diving for aquatic foods but more probably were surface swimmers traveling between terrestrial food sources or fleeing predators. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 302:667–692, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Phylogeographic structure in long‐tailed voles (Rodentia: Arvicolinae) belies the complex Pleistocene history of isolation, divergence, and recolonization of Northwest North America's fauna

Sawyer

Cook

2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Quaternary climate fluctuations restructured biodiversity across North American high latitudes through repeated episodes of range contraction, population isolation and divergence, and subsequent expansion. Identifying how species responded to changing environmental conditions not only allows us to explore the mode and tempo of evolution in northern taxa, but also provides a basis for forecasting future biotic response across the highly variable topography of western North America. Using a multilocus approach under a Bayesian coalescent framework, we investigated the phylogeography of a wide‐ranging mammal, the long‐tailed vole, Microtus longicaudus. We focused on populations along the North Pacific Coast to refine our understanding of diversification by exploring the potentially compounding roles of multiple glacial refugia and more recent fragmentation of an extensive coastal archipelago. Through a combination of genetic data and species distribution models (SDMs), we found that historical climate variability influenced contemporary genetic structure, with multiple isolated locations of persistence (refugia) producing multiple divergent lineages (Beringian or northern, southeast Alaska or coastal, and southern or continental) during glacial advances. These vole lineages all occur along the North Pacific Coast where the confluence of numerous independent lineages in other species has produced overlapping zones of secondary contact, collectively a suture zone. Finally, we detected high levels of neoendemism due to complex island geography that developed in the last 10,000 years with the rising sea levels of the Holocene.

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Mitochondrial Phylogeography of Moose (Alces alces): Late Pleistocene Divergence and Population Expansion

Cited by 138 publications

References 47 publications

Intraspecific phylogenetic analysis of Siberian woolly mammoths using complete mitochondrial genomes

Intraspecific phylogenetic analysis of Siberian woolly mammoths using complete mitochondrial genomes

The Nasal Complex of a Semiaquatic Artiodactyl, the Moose (Alces alces): Is it a Good Evolutionary Model for the Ancestors of Cetaceans?

Phylogeographic structure in long‐tailed voles (Rodentia: Arvicolinae) belies the complex Pleistocene history of isolation, divergence, and recolonization of Northwest North America's fauna

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