Mitochondrial Role in Oncogenesis and Potential Chemotherapeutic Strategy of Mitochondrial Infusion in Breast Cancer

Abstract

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive cancers diagnosed amongst women with a high rate of treatment failure and a poor prognosis. Mitochondria have been found to be key players in oncogenesis and tumor progression by mechanisms such as altered metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and evasion of apoptosis. Therefore, mitochondrial infusion is an area of interest for cancer treatment. Studies in vitro and in vivo demonstrate mitochondrial-mediated reduction in glycolysis, enhancement of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), reduction in proliferation, and an enhancement of apoptosis as effective anti-tumor therapies. This review focuses on mitochondrial dysregulation and infusion in malignancies, such as TNBC.

Water-soluble Yb3+, Er3+ codoped NaYF4 nanoparticles induced SGC-7901 cell apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS-mediated ER stress

“…40 ROS may trigger mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. 41 Exposure to 50–400 μg/ml UCNP for 24 h significantly increased ROS levels in SGC-7901 cells compared to controls in a concentration-dependent manner, with the greatest increase seen in SGC-7901 cells exposed to 400 μg/ml UCNP. Tumor cells have higher ROS levels and sensitivity than normal cells, which can result in tumor cell damage or death.…”

The Research Progress of Mitochondrial Transplantation in the Treatment of Mitochondrial Defective Diseases

“…Transplantation of healthy mitochondria into cancer cells can inhibit cell proliferation, enhance sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiation, and induce apoptosis. In addition, mitochondrial transplantation has been shown to rescue aerobic respiration and attenuate the Warburg effect in glioma and breast cancer cells, improve their radiosensitivity [80,90], induce apoptosis in melanoma cells, and inhibit lung cancer cells under hypoxic conditions [86,89]. These findings highlight the potential of mitochondrial transplantation as a novel tumor treatment strategy.…”

Ovarian Cancer: A Landscape of Mitochondria with Emphasis on Mitochondrial Dynamics

“…In addition, mitochondria physiologically generate oxygen reactive species (ROS), and they possess an efficient antioxidant system to control the redox homeostasis [ 31 ]. Mitochondrial ROS participate in cellular signalling but an increase of ROS production (oxidative stress) is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ], including cancer [ 36 , 37 ].…”