Mitogen-stimulated cell proliferation and cytokine production in major depressive disorder patients

Abstract

BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is related to human’s immune status, and immunological indicators such as mitogen stimulated cell proliferation and cytokines may become candidate biomarkers for disease diagnosis.MethodsOne hundred diagnosed major depressive disorder subjects and 100 health controls were enrolled in this study. Phytohaemagglutinin and lipopolysaccharide stimulated cell proliferations and cytokine concentrations were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from both groups. The corresponding stimulated responses were conducted and confirmed in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice.ResultsCompared to the people in control group, there were lower cell proliferations and lower TNF-α produced in lipopolysaccharide stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in depression patients, lower IL-2 and IL-10 produced in phytohaemagglutinin stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in depression patients, higher IL-6, IL-10 and lower IL-2 secretions were detected in peripheral plasma in depression patients. In CUMS mice we found lower splenocyte proliferations, lower IL-1α productions and higher IL-6 secretions in lipopolysaccharide stimulated splenocytes. It seems lipopolysaccharide stimulated cell proliferation activities were inhibited in depressive states.ConclusionsLower lipopolysaccharide stimulated cell proliferation and phytohaemagglutinin stimulated or plasma cytokine IL-2 decreases should be potential monitoring indices in the depressive state assessment for major depressive disorder patients.

17α-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate Inhibits Cytokine Production via Suppression of NF-κB Activation

“…PHA is a mitogen targeting T cells. Without antigen specificity for cell activation, stimulation by PHA mainly reflects the overall immune response of cells and individual donor variations ( Lin et al, 2018 ). As shown in Figure 4 , PHA also led to significant induction of cytokine release in human PBMCs, the order of absolute levels from highest to lowest was IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10.…”

Comparison of the oxidative respiratory burst and mitogen-induced leukocyte responses of camels, goats, sheep, and cows

“…Some authors suggest that PHA activates CD8+ suppressor T-cells and, consequently, suppressor B-cell differentiation [56,57]. Contrary to this finding, Lin et al [58] provided evidence that PHA can induce mitosis of B-cells. However, the mitosis of B-cells occurred after 6 days in cultures and it has been argued that the proliferation of B-cells was due to the fetal calf serum found in the culture, as this also occurred in unstimulated cells [59].…”

“…However, the mitosis of B-cells occurred after 6 days in cultures and it has been argued that the proliferation of B-cells was due to the fetal calf serum found in the culture, as this also occurred in unstimulated cells [59]. Lin et al [58] suggested that the activation of B-cells might be due to the co-stimulation of B-cells by both PHA and fetal calf serum. Furthermore, it has been postulated that PHA might lead to B-cell proliferation but not to further differentiation.…”

Multimodal Psychotherapeutic Inpatient Therapy of Depression Is Successful in Patients With High Cytokine Production

“…After 24 h of stimulation, supernatants were collected and stored at −80 • C for future analysis. PHA was chosen because it is a lectin from phaeseolus vulgaris, which is widely used in immunological studies to promote proliferation and provoke cytokine release from PBMC for example in depressive patients (38,39). PHA was also chosen, because it acts on a wide variety of cells of the immune system.…”