Mitogenic activity of cell wall components from smooth and rough strains of Brucella abortus

Kreutzer, Donald L.; Scheffel, James W.; Draper, Laurence R.; Robertson, D C

doi:10.1128/iai.15.3.842-845.1977

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It would be most interesting if the lipid A of Brucella turns out to resemble that of photosynthetic bacteria or possess a completely unique structure. The lack of mitogenic activity (22) and inability to induce a Sanarelli-Schwartzman phenomenon coupled with low or nonexistent mouse lethality all point to a unique lipid A moiety (33) in Brucella LPS. It is significant that both aqueous-phase and phenolic-phase LPS induced carbohydrate depletion in mice.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical characterization and biological properties of lipopolysaccharides isolated from smooth and rough strains of Brucella abortus

Kreutzer¹,

Buller²,

Robertson³

1979

Infect Immun

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The chemical composition and some of the biological activities of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) extracted from a smooth-intermediate strain (45/0) and a rough strain (45/20) of Brucella abortus have been examined. LPS were found in both the phenolic and aqueous extraction phases of strain 45/0, but only in the aqueous phase of 45/20. The phenolic LPS contained 9- to 16-fold-lower levels of heptose and reduced amounts of dideoxyaldoses compared with aqueous fractions. The major neutral sugars were glucose, galactose, and mannose. beta-Hydroxymyristic-acid, a common marker of enteric LPS, was not detected. Fatty acids present in highest amounts were hydroxylated and nonhydroxylated species with chain lengths of 16, 18, and 20 carbons. Only the phenolic LPS of strain 45/0 exhibited mouse lethality and a curable wasting disease; however, both phenolic and aqueous fractions caused carbohydrate depletion in mice. The toxicity of aqueous LPS could not be potentiated with Pb(OAc)4. These data, coupled with the lack of mitogenic activity for B-lymphocytes, are indicative of the unique structure-function relationships of Brucella LPS.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neither a pyrogenic response in rabbits nor lethality in chicken embryos was observed. The LPS of Brucella did not stimulate specific or nonspecific antibodyforming cell populations derived from mouse spleen (34) and were not mitogenic for mouse spleen cell suspensions (22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characterization and biological properties of lipopolysaccharides isolated from smooth and rough strains of Brucella abortus

Kreutzer¹,

Buller²,

Robertson³

1979

Infect Immun

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“…Our demonstration that BA-LPS is a mitogen is in direct conflict with the report by Renoux et al (23) who claim that BA-LPS is non-mitogenic. However, their preparation lacked toxicity, and (26) have reported that cell wall preparations from BA are mitogenic for rabbit and mouse spleen cell cultures, but they were unable to demonstrate mitogenic activity of phenolor aqueous-phase BA lipopolysaccharide preparations for mouse spleen cells (13). However, these investigators do not indicate whether or not the BA-LPS preparations were toxic or immunogenic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Mitogenic responses of murine cell cultures to BA and BA-LPS. At least two groups of investigators have reported that Brucella LPS is not a mitogen (13,23). However, Kreutzer et al (13) did not mention whether their preparation was toxic or antigenic.…”

Section: Infect Immunmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immune and mitogenic responses by BALB/c, C3H/HeJ, and nude mice to Brucella abortus bacterin and lipopolysaccharide

Spellman¹,

Reed²

1979

Infect Immun

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The immunogenic and mitogenic properties of Brucella abortus 1119-3 bacterin (BA) and biologically active B. abortus lipopolysaccharide (BA-LPS) were studied using normal and athymic (nude) BALB/c and C3H/HeJ mice. Although BA stimulated 2-mercaptoethanol-sensitive (2-ME-S) primary and secondary antibody responses in all mice, nude mice, in contrast to normal BALB/c and C3H/ HeJ mice, did not make substantial 2-mercaptoethanol-resistant (2-ME-R) antibody responses. Similarly, all mice injected with BA-LPS made 2-ME-S primary responses, and the secondary response of thymus-bearing mice contained a substantial 2-ME-R component. Collectively, these observations suggest that although both BA and BA-LPS can stimulate thymus-independent 2-ME-S antibody synthesis, thymus-derived cells are required for optimal immune responses containing a 2-ME-R component. The antibody responses of normal BALB/c and C3H/HeJ mice to BA and BA-LPS were qualitatively and quantitatively similar. Both BA and BA-LPS were mitogenic for spleen cells from normal and nude BALB/c and C3H/HeJ mice but not for thymus cells from normal BALB/c or C3H/HeJ mice, suggesting that both preparations are B-cell mitogens.There are conflicting reports (5,12,16,21,37) about the ability of the brucellae to elicit the biological and immunological responses evoked by the Enterobacteriaceae. These early reports, based on various animal models, either confirmed or denied the cytotoxic, pyrogenic, and antigenic properties of killed Brucella abortus cells (BA) or B. abortus lipopolysaccharide (BA-LPS). The properties attributed to the BA-LPS were further clouded because different investigators have used products ofvarious purification procedures as the endotoxin preparation. In 1960, Redfearn (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisc.) reported that, unlike enterobacterial LPS which partitions into the aqueous-phase, BA-LPS extracted by the Westphal procedure partitions into the phenol phase. Leong et al. (16) thoroughly documented that this phenol-phase-extracted BA-LPS shares many of the physiological, structural, and chemical properties of aqueous-phase-extracted enterobacterial LPS. Their results also indicated homology between BA-LPS and Escherichia coli LPS.Although many immunological responses by animals to endotoxin preparations from the Enterobacteriaceae have been well characterized (7,9,15,24,27,35), investigation of the immu-nological properties of BA-LPS has been largely neglected. We have studied several aspects of the immunological response by mice and mitogenic responses of murine cell cultures to BA and BA-LPS in light of several known immunogenic characteristics of E. coli bacterin and LPS. Congenitally athymic (nude) mice were used to investigate the role of T lymphocytes in the response to both BA and BA-LPS. C3H/ HeJ mice, shown to have a genetically controlled low response to the endotoxins of E. coli and Salmonella (27,30,32,36) were included in these studies to determine if this genetic defect would also limit the C3H/HeJ response to BA ...

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Brucella

Corbel¹,

Banai²

2015

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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Bru. cel' la . L. dim. ending ‐ ella ; M.L. fem. n. Brucella named after Sir David Bruce, who first recognized the organism causing undulant (Malta) fever. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Brucellaceae / Brucella Cocci , coccobacilli , or short rods , 0.5–0.7 × 0.6–1.5 µm. Arranged singly and, less frequently, in pairs, short chains, or small groups. True capsules are not produced. Do not usually show true bipolar staining. Resting stages are not known. Gram negative. Nonmotile ; do not produce flagella. Aerobic , possessing a respiratory type of metabolism and having a cytochrome‐based electron transport system with oxygen or nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor. Nitrate reductase is produced. Many strains require supplementary CO 2 for growth , especially on primary isolation. Colonies on serum‐dextrose agar or other clear media are transparent, raised, convex, with an entire edge and a smooth, shiny surface. They appear a pale honey color by transmitted light. Smooth strains produce perosamine synthetase and a distinctive lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Nonsmooth variants of the smooth species occur, but there are also stable nonsmooth nomenspecies with a distinctive host range. Optimal temperature for growth 37°C. Growth occurs between 20 and 40°C. Optimal pH for growth 6.6–7.4. Catalase positive . Usually oxidase positive, but negative strains occur. Chemoorganotrophic. Most strains require complex media containing several amino acids, thiamin, nicotinamide, iron, and magnesium ions; some strains may be induced to grow on minimal media containing an ammonium salt as the sole nitrogen source. Growth is improved by serum or blood , but hemin ( X‐factor ) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ( NAD : V‐factor ) are not essential . Acid production does not occur from carbohydrates in conventional media , except for B . neotomae . Do not produce indole. Do not liquefy gelatin or inspissated serum. Do not lyse erythrocytes. Do not produce acetyl methyl carbinol (Voges–Proskauer test.) The methyl red test is negative . Intracellular parasites, transmissible to a wide range of animal species including man. The genome typically comprises two circular chromosomes, but a single large chromosome is present in B . suis biovar 3. The mol % G + C of the DNA is : 57.9–59. Type species : Brucella melitensis (Hughes 1893) Meyer and Shaw 1920, 179 ( Streptococcus melitensis Hughes 1893, 235.)

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Mitogenic activity of cell wall components from smooth and rough strains of Brucella abortus

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

Chemical characterization and biological properties of lipopolysaccharides isolated from smooth and rough strains of Brucella abortus

Chemical characterization and biological properties of lipopolysaccharides isolated from smooth and rough strains of Brucella abortus

Immune and mitogenic responses by BALB/c, C3H/HeJ, and nude mice to Brucella abortus bacterin and lipopolysaccharide

Brucella

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