Mitogenome Diversity and Maternal Origins of Guangxi Cattle Breeds

Abstract

Guangxi Province is located in the southernmost region of China, adjacent to the hotspot that is considered to be the putative migratory corridor or domestication area for Chinese indicine cattle. Here, we investigated the evolutionary status of Guangxi native breeds, Longlin (n = 21), Nandan (n = 18), and Weizhou cattle (n = 17) using mitogenome sequencing. Our results show that Bos indicus sub-haplogroup I1a predominates in Guangxi cattle breeds. Population structure by multidimensional-scaling analysis significantly differentiates Weizhou from the other two breeds (Longlin and Nandan). Moreover, the mtDNA haplotype composition and FST values indicate that the formation of Longlin and Nandan breeds may have been affected by Indian indicine, whereas, Weizhou island might have preserved pure Chinese indicine cattle due to its geographical isolation. We speculate that following the initial entry of zebu into southern China, the subsequent introgression of Indian indicine may have influenced the matrilineal origin of local breeds in southwestern China.

Meta-Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA Control Region Diversity to Shed Light on Phylogenetic Relationship and Demographic History of African Sheep (Ovis aries) Breeds

“…The higher variance (54.696%) among populations as compared to within populations (45.304%) suggested the existence of a possible geographical population structure, although this is weak. These results are comparable to other studies that registered similar findings e.g., [ 7 , 50 , 60 ]. In contrast, other studies observed higher within population variance than among the populations, e.g., [ 18 , 47 , 52 ].…”

“…This could be due to the high number of private haplotypes observed and even for shared haplotypes, a larger percentage was within populations. In domestic livestock genetic studies, it is advised to maintain a higher genetic variation within than between breeds [ 52 ] because it provides an opportunity for breed improvement to be initiated from within breed selection [ 60 , 61 ]. Higher variation within than among populations suggests a high female-mediated gene flow [ 52 ].…”

“…Furthermore, the haplotype frequency F ST observed was high (0.016), indicating that haplotype differentiation among populations has occurred but not as much. In general, F ST is regarded as low when the value is below 0.050, moderate when it is between 0.050 and 0.150, high between 0.150 to 0.250, and very high when the value is above 0.250 [ 60 ]. Based on the present results, there may be a significant gene reserve in African sheep populations and thus, a need to enhance studies on these populations for a better understanding of their diversity, history, and phylogenetic relationships.…”

Deleterious protein-coding variants in diverse cattle breeds of the world

“…Therefore, the mitochondrial genome diversity depends on the combination of haplogroups. Breeds with both indicine (I) and taurine (T, P, Q, R or E) haplogroups have a high diversity, whereas breeds with only indicine or only taurine haplogroups have a low diversity [ 38 – 40 ]. Furthermore, within the taurine lineage, breeds containing multiple haplogroups (e.g.…”

Comparing Autosomal SSR and PCR-RFLP Markers to Determine Phylogenetic Relationship Based on Genetic Distances in Livestock

“…Discovering the origin of livestock breeds has gained interest in the last decade. Indeed many studies have been conducted to reveal the origin of different local animal breeds including chicken (Meydan et al 2016), turkey (Vergara et al 2019), goose (Ren et al 2016), cattle (Xia et al 2020), sheep (Ganbold et al 2019), goat (Al-Araimi et al 2017) and pig (Touma et al 2019). In livestock, studies not only focus on breeds but also on eco-types (Zhu et al 2019) and lines (Seo et al 2013).…”