Mitosis circumscribes individuals; sex creates new individuals

Gorelick, Root

doi:10.1007/s10539-012-9328-0

Cited by 40 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…For example, areoles in cacti are merely short shoots that can grow new branches or flowers, as well as grow leaves vis-à-vis spines (Buxbaum 1950;Gibson & Nobel 1986). A vascular cambium can be grafted onto another vascular cambium, including natural grafting that occurs frequently with roots (Basnet et al 1993;Jelinkova et al 2009; also see discussion and references in Gorelick 2012). Unlike roots and shoots, leaves lack dormant apical meristems.…”

Section: Leaves Usually Are Terminal Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Vegetative Propagation of Leaf Cuttings is Possible in Succulent and Semi-Succulent Plants

Gorelick¹

2015

Haseltonia

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Section: Leaves Usually Are Terminal Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Vegetative Propagation of Leaf Cuttings is Possible in Succulent and Semi-Succulent Plants

Gorelick¹

2015

Haseltonia

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“…These two types of RU offspring and grand-offspring may (or may not) differ in several respects: Genotypic variability. Outcrossed sexual (seed) RU offspring are of course genotypically variable, whereas clonal (vegetative) RU offspring (like seed offspring from apomixis or from inbred sexual lines) are normally genotypically identical-but not always, owing to somatic mutation (Gill et al 1995, Fagerstrom et al 1998, Reusch and Bostrom 2011, Gross et al 2012.…”

Section: Offspring As 'Rooted-units'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating fitness from offspring counts in clonal seed plants

Aarssen

2014

IEE

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Should asexual/vegetative offspring be counted in estimates of evolutionary fitness in seed plants? The answer it seems remains debatable among evolutionary ecologists. Arguably, however, the answer is yes when fitness is ascribed strictly to resident genes/alleles, in terms of their survival-through copying and transmission success-over time. This success results only because sporophyte 'rooted units' make more 'rooted units'-not primarily in terms of leaving descendent 'individuals', but more fundamentally as carriers of gene/allele copies in perpetuity. The 'rootedunit' (RU) is identified by root and shoot tissue integrated through an essential, and distinctly local, vascular transition. It thus represents a functional and practical circumscription for enumerating individual 'offspring' that applies equally to those derived from zygotes, or from clonality. This 'binary' nature of fitness estimation in seed plants remains legitimate despite that clonal RU offspring are normally all genotypically identical; the same is true of zygotic/seed-derived RU offspring produced by apomixis or from inbred sexual lines (and somatic mutation sometimes means that clonal offspring are not, in fact, genotypically identical). Neither is this fitness estimation compromised if a young clonal RU offspring, during establishment, temporarily receives resource translocation from connection to a parental RU; the same is true for immature zygotic offspring that receive maternal resources within the seed, via female gametophyte or endosperm/ perisperm tissue. Finally, the above fitness estimate also remains uncompromised even if there is facilitation between mature neighbouring RUs that remain connected with lifetime physiological integration; analogous facilitation also occurs routinely between neighbouring RUs in aclonal species.

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Broadening the problem agenda of biological individuality: individual differences, uniqueness and temporality

Kaiser

Trappes

2021

Biol Philos

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Biological individuality is a notoriously thorny topic for biologists and philosophers of biology. In this paper we argue that biological individuality presents multiple, interconnected questions for biologists and philosophers that together form a problem agenda. Using a case study of an interdisciplinary research group in ecology, behavioral and evolutionary biology, we claim that a debate on biological individuality that seeks to account for diverse practices in the biological sciences should be broadened to include and give prominence to questions about uniqueness and temporality. We show that broadening the problem agenda of biological individuality draws attention to underrecognized philosophical issues and discussions and thereby organizes and enriches the existing debate.

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Mitosis circumscribes individuals; sex creates new individuals

Cited by 40 publications

References 88 publications

Why Vegetative Propagation of Leaf Cuttings is Possible in Succulent and Semi-Succulent Plants

Why Vegetative Propagation of Leaf Cuttings is Possible in Succulent and Semi-Succulent Plants

Estimating fitness from offspring counts in clonal seed plants

Broadening the problem agenda of biological individuality: individual differences, uniqueness and temporality

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