Mitotic regulation of SREBP and ATF6 by separation of the Golgi and ER

Bartz, René; Seemann, Joachim

doi:10.4161/cc.7.14.6327

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…For time-lapse microscopy and microinjection experiments, cells were incubated in medium A containing 50 mM Hepes, pH 7.4. Microinjection was performed with a microinjector (Transjector 5246 or FemtoJet; Eppendorf) and a micromanipulator (5171; Eppendorf) connected to a microscope (Axiovert 200M; Carl Zeiss, Inc.; Bartz and Seemann, 2008). The reagents were injected at the following concentrations: 1.5 mg/ml Mad1 or Sar1dn (Bartz and Seemann, 2008), 0.2 mg/ml pCD8, 0.5 mg/ml CD8 or myc–PDGF receptor mRNA, 6 mg/ml tubulin, and 20 mg/ml Golgi extract.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microinjection was performed with a microinjector (Transjector 5246 or FemtoJet; Eppendorf) and a micromanipulator (5171; Eppendorf) connected to a microscope (Axiovert 200M; Carl Zeiss, Inc.; Bartz and Seemann, 2008). The reagents were injected at the following concentrations: 1.5 mg/ml Mad1 or Sar1dn (Bartz and Seemann, 2008), 0.2 mg/ml pCD8, 0.5 mg/ml CD8 or myc–PDGF receptor mRNA, 6 mg/ml tubulin, and 20 mg/ml Golgi extract. Mad1 was injected together with 2.5 mg/ml biotin-dextran as an injection marker and visualized by streptavidin–Alexa Fluor 350 (Invitrogen).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one view, Golgi membranes are absorbed into and partitioned with the ER (Zaal et al, 1999). The second view argues that the Golgi remains distinct from the ER and that the two compartments are inherited independently (Bartz and Seemann, 2008). In this scenario, the spindle has been proposed as the machinery responsible for Golgi partitioning based on the observed accumulation of Golgi membranes at the spindle poles (Shima et al, 1998), although a pool of membranes is dispersed throughout the cytoplasm (Jesch et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The mitotic spindle mediates inheritance of the Golgi ribbon structure

Wei

Seemann

2009

Journal of Cell Biology

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The mammalian Golgi ribbon disassembles during mitosis and reforms in both daughter cells after division. Mitotic Golgi membranes concentrate around the spindle poles, suggesting that the spindle may control Golgi partitioning. To test this, cells were induced to divide asymmetrically with the entire spindle segregated into only one daughter cell. A ribbon reforms in the nucleated karyoplasts, whereas the Golgi stacks in the cytoplasts are scattered. However, the scattered Golgi stacks are polarized and transport cargo. Microinjection of Golgi extract together with tubulin or incorporation of spindle materials rescues Golgi ribbon formation. Therefore, the factors required for postmitotic Golgi ribbon assembly are transferred by the spindle, but the constituents of functional stacks are partitioned independently, suggesting that Golgi inheritance is regulated by two distinct mechanisms.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The mitotic spindle mediates inheritance of the Golgi ribbon structure

Wei

Seemann

2009

Journal of Cell Biology

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“…Second, inhibition of intracellular trafficking and resulting Golgi disassembly is perhaps intended to prevent unregulated activation of biochemical pathways during mitosis. This is best exemplified by sterol regulatory element‐binding protein (SREBP) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) (104), which are transcription factors that reside as silent precursors in the ER and await proper stimulation (low cholesterol for SREBP and ER stress for ATF6) to be transported to the Golgi (105–107). Upon arrival, they are cleaved and activated by Golgi‐resident proteases.…”

Section: Why Does the Golgi Ribbon Disassemble In Mitosis?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Golgi Ribbon

Wei

Seemann

2010

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The Golgi apparatus lies at the heart of the secretory pathway where it receives, modifies, and sorts protein cargo to the proper intracellular or extracellular location. Although this secretory function is highly conserved throughout the eukaryotic kingdom, the structure of the Golgi complex is arranged very differently among species. In particular, Golgi membranes in vertebrate cells are integrated into a single compact entity termed the Golgi ribbon that is normally localized in the perinuclear area and in close vicinity to the centrosomes. This organization poses a challenge for cell division when the single Golgi ribbon needs to be partitioned into the two daughter cells. To ensure faithful inheritance in the progeny, the Golgi ribbon is divided in three consecutive steps in mitosis, namely disassembly, partitioning, and reassembly. However, the structure of the Golgi ribbon is only present in higher animals and Golgi disassembly during mitosis is not ubiquitous in all organisms. Therefore, there must be unique reasons to build up the Golgi in this particular conformation and to preserve it over generations. In this review, we first highlight the diversity of the Golgi architecture in different organisms and revisit the concept of the Golgi ribbon. Following on, we discuss why the ribbon is needed and how it forms in vertebrate cells. Lastly, we conclude with likely purposes of mitotic ribbon disassembly and further propose mechanisms by which it regulates mitosis.

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“…Based on these findings, we proposed that Golgi membranes retain their independence from the ER. Subsequently Seemann and colleagues reported that separation of Golgi from the ER during mitosis protects unregulated activation of SREBP and ATF6 (Bartz and Seemann, 2008; Bartz et al. , 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%