Mixed conductivity in poly(p-phenylene) doped with iron chloride

Płocharski, Janusz

doi:10.1016/s0167-2738(99)00284-2

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The equivalent circuit shown in the left‐hand inset in Figure 2 is the simplest circuit that can be constructed based on the impedance data. A similar circuit with two semicircles was proposed for mixed conduction in amorphous poly( p ‐phenylene) homopolymers 13. The elements shown in blue in Figure 2 are necessary for fitting our experimental data and include capacitance, Q g , and resistance, R g , which were previously used to describe transport across grain boundaries in impedance data obtained from inorganic mixed conductors 12a.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Simultaneous Electronic and Ionic Conduction in a Block Copolymer: Application in Lithium Battery Electrodes

et al. 2011

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Charging ahead: separate values for the simultaneous electronic and ionic conductivity of a conjugated polymer containing poly(3-hexylthiophene) and poly(ethylene oxide) (P3HT-PEO) were determined by using ac impedance and dc techniques. P3HT-PEO was used as binder, and transporter of electronic charge and Li(+) ions in a LiFePO(4) cathode, which was incorporated into solid-state lithium batteries.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Simultaneous Electronic and Ionic Conduction in a Block Copolymer: Application in Lithium Battery Electrodes

et al. 2011

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“…Considering the most widely used theory of ER effect based on the polarization processes and previous studies indicating that doped polyphenylene is a mixed type conductor 7 it was found that the presence of ionic conductivity that strongly depends on crystallinity degree was the most important factor determining the ER response of this material. To find an empirical relation between yield stress and electric properties of the dispersed phase the yield stress values were plotted as a function of effective polarizability (b 2 eff) of the material.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization processes in electrorheological fluids based on conductive polymers

Krztoń‐Maziopa

Ciszewska

Płocharski

2006

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Electrorheological (ER) fluids are composed of dielectric particles dispersed in an inert liquid of low electric permittivity. Upon the application of an electric field ER fluids rapidly solidify, or increase their viscosity. Characteristic increase of the viscosity of ER fluids is due to the formation of particle chains that bridge the electrodes. This process is greatly affected by polarization processes within the solid phase and at the surface of the grains. These phenomena are governed by dopants, functional groups, structure of the solid particles and the solid/liquid interface. To find relations between parameters of the ER effect and material properties of components of ER fluids, two main types of the materials were investigated: conjugated polymers [polyphenylene (PPP), pyrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polythiophene] and solid electrolytes based on polyacrylonitrile complexed with inorganic salts. It was found that the ER activity resulted from surface polarization processes due to the presence of polar species (PAN) or bulk polarization related to mobile ions (PPP). Polythiophene, despite the presence of a conjugated system of multiple bonds, showed only residual ER effect. Solid electrolyte-based fluids exhibited relatively high activity originated from ionic polarization.

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“…This indicates that excess polyaniline has been intercalated into the layer space of MMT upon further loading. The absence of low-frequency spike [16] shows that the material does not have ionic conduction. Factors that give rise to the decrease of the resistance of these materials can be explained in detail by considering the π-conjugated system of the polymer backbone.…”

Section: Ac Impedance Analysis Of Emsmentioning

confidence: 99%

AC impedance analysis of polyaniline–montmorillonite nanocomposites

Krishantha

Rajapakse

Tennakoon

et al. 2006

Ionics

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Investigation of the electrical properties of polymer-clay nanocomposites is important in the development of nanoelectronic devices. These nanocomposites may be prepared by intercalating suitable monomers within interlayer spaces of expanding layered clay materials, followed by in situ polymerization. We made use of this approach to prepare montmorillonite-polyaniline nanocomposites by ion-exchanging the intergallery cations for anilinium ions and subsequently polymerizing the anilinium ions by peroxydisulphate in the acidic medium to yield emeraldine salt form of polyaniline intercalated in montmorillonite (ES1-MMT). The emeraldine salt form of polyaniline contains one positive charge per three monomer units, and hence, polymerization of anilinium ions reduces the number of cations present within the interlayer. Charge compensation thus requires uptake of required amount of cations from the solution. Further, the emeraldine salt form of polyaniline can be neutralized by treating with excess base such as ammonia. Thus, the neutralization of emeraldine salt results in an uptake of ammonium ions for charge balance. We have, therefore, neutralized ES1-MMT using aqueous ammonium hydroxide, and the cations inserted into the interlayer were again exchanged for anilinium ions. The latter was polymerized in acidic medium to yield more polyaniline in its emeraldine salt form (ES2-MMT). By repeating this procedure we have also prepared ES3-MMT. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra recorded at 150°C reveal the enhancement of d-spacing upon increased amounts of polymer formation, and the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis also supports this by showing enhanced absorption due to bands typical of emeraldine salt (for example, B-NH + =Q, where B and Q stand for benzanoid and quinoid, respectively). Careful analyses of FTIR spectra reveal that the polymer is present within the interlayers, as well as adsorbed onto the external surfaces and is bound to clay layers through hydrogen bonding. In this publication, we report the electrical properties of such ES-MMT nanocomposites. Alternating current (AC) impedance analysis shows that the nanocomposites are highly conducting materials, and their bulk conductivity enhances in the order ES1-MMT

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Mixed conductivity in poly(p-phenylene) doped with iron chloride

Cited by 25 publications

References 7 publications

Simultaneous Electronic and Ionic Conduction in a Block Copolymer: Application in Lithium Battery Electrodes

Simultaneous Electronic and Ionic Conduction in a Block Copolymer: Application in Lithium Battery Electrodes

Polarization processes in electrorheological fluids based on conductive polymers

AC impedance analysis of polyaniline–montmorillonite nanocomposites

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