Background: Height-diameter relationships are of critical importance in tree and stand volume estimation. Stand description, site quality determination and proper forest management decisions originate from reliable stem height predictions. Methods: In the context of this work, the prediction ability of the developed height-diameter models was investigated for cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) plantations in Western Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Towards this direction, parametric modeling methods such as fixed-effects, generalized models, and mixed-effects were evaluated. Furthermore, in an effort to come up with the construction of more reliable stem-height prediction models, artificial neural networks were employed using two different modeling algorithms: the Levenberg-Marquardt and the resilient back-propagation. Results: Taking into account the prediction behavior of each respective modelling strategy while using a new validation data set, the mixed-effects model with calibration using 3 trees for each plot seems to be a reliable alternative to the rest standard modelling approaches given the evaluation statistics regarding the predictions of tree heights. Conclusion: Finally, as for providing the most reliable results as compared to the remaining, the resilient propagation algorithm showed its capability of providing more accurate predictions of the tree stem height and thus it can be a reliable alternative to pre-existing modelling methodologies.