Mixed equivalent wall method for dynamic modelling of thermal bridges: Application to 2-D details of building envelope

Energy Assessment of the Thermal Bridging Effects on Different Structural Envelope Types Using Mixed-Equivalent-Wall Method

“…There were many methods to acquire the properties of the equivalent wall, i.e., the structure factors, matrix of transfer functions, harmonic, and identification methods; however, the mixed method between harmonic and structure factors introduced by Quinten and Feldheim [24] develop a simple, accurate and original method to consider the real thermal bridges effects and incorporate it into a building energy simulation program which is explained in the following steps:…”

In situ measurement method for the quantification of the thermal transmittance of a non-homogeneous wall or a thermal bridge using an inverse technique and active infrared thermography

“…ISO 10211 [12] sets out the specifications for a three-dimensional and a two-dimensional geometrical model of a thermal bridge for the numerical calculation of heat fluxes, minimum surface temperatures and thermal transmittances. In addition, some efforts were made in the literature to develop equivalent wall models of thermal bridges in order to include them easily in building energy simulation softwares [32,33,34,35,36,37,38]. Some studies also combine measurements and calculations to assess thermal performances of a building façade [25,39,40,41] or for the validation of a thermal modeling [42,43,44,45,46,47].…”

Dynamic thermal behaviour characterization of integrated insulation clay hollow blocks for buildings energy simulations applications

“…Many authors only work on hollow clay blocks but the majority of them investigates only the steady state behaviour (λ eq ) [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Some authors have worked on their dynamic thermal behaviour [14,16,[19][20][21][22][23][24] without quantifying the equivalent density and heat capacity but by investigating others transient indicators (time-lag, phase shifting, block response time, heat-flux decrement factor). Some authors also propose complex methods for modelling complex walls or thermal bridges using multi layers materials [23,24] but require complex calculation of structure factors.…”

“…Some authors have worked on their dynamic thermal behaviour [14,16,[19][20][21][22][23][24] without quantifying the equivalent density and heat capacity but by investigating others transient indicators (time-lag, phase shifting, block response time, heat-flux decrement factor). Some authors also propose complex methods for modelling complex walls or thermal bridges using multi layers materials [23,24] but require complex calculation of structure factors. More generally, several works dealt with the thermal comfort of clay bricks [19,25] but most of them study heavy clay blocks with sometimes ill-adapted experimental set up (indoor temperature imposed to constant value to study temperature damping performances [19]).…”

“…Furthermore, what is the influence of the construction method (plaster board or plaster coating) on the dynamic thermal behaviour? Most of the authors perform either only numerical approaches [3-6, 8-10, 12-16, 21-23], or both numerical and experimental approaches with hotboxes [7,11,17,18,20,24] or both numerical and experimental with in situ tests approaches [23][24][25][26], but none of them proposes a complete procedure combining all these approaches for integrated insulation clay hollow blocks. Some authors study only one block in small hotboxes [18,20] without taking into account inner and outer coating , mortar or glue impacts but but the majority of studies consider larger wall samples to take into account blocks group effects, mortar effects and to avoid edge effects.…”