Mixed Infection of an Atypical Mycobacterium and Aspergillus Following a Cryopreserved Fat Graft to a Face

Kim, Seong Kee; Kim, Han Joon; Hwang, Kun

doi:10.1097/scs.0b013e31828f27ee

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Of which, 359 were excluded: 38 papers were not in English, 41 were review articles, 279 articles were not reporting recipient site complications, 1 was not on human subjects. A total of 103 [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ,…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial Fat Grafting (FFG): Worth the Risk? A Systematic Review of Complications and Critical Appraisal

Schiraldi

Sapino

Meuli

et al. 2022

JCM

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Autologous fat is ideal soft tissue filler. It is easily accessible, biocompatible, cheap, and it provides both volume augmentation and skin quality improvement. Fat grafting has been used since 1893, but it has only gained widespread popularity since the development of modern liposuction by Colemann and Illouz in the 1980s. Every year more than half a million facial fat grafting procedures are carried out worldwide and the trend is rapidly increasing. Overall, general complications associated with facial fat grafting are assumed to be around 2%. Is that true? Material and Methods: Until July 2021, a systematic search of the literature was performed interrogating PubMed search engines. The following algorithm was used for the research: (fat graft OR lipofilling) AND face AND complications. Exclusion criteria applied hierarchically were review articles, not reporting recipient site complications; not in English and paediatric population. Abstracts were manually screened by LS, GS, JM and PDS separately and subsequently matched for accuracy. Pertinent full-text articles were retrieved and analysed and data were extracted from the database. The flow chart of article selection is described following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Results: In total, 462 papers were identified by PubMed search. A total of 359 were excluded: 38 papers were not in English, 41 were review articles, 279 articles did not report recipient site complications and 1 was not on human subjects. Average complication rate ranged from 1.5% to 81.4%. A total of 298 adverse events were identified: 40 (13.4%) intravascular injections, 13 (4.3%) asymmetry, 57 (19.1%) irregularities, 22 (7.4%) graft hypertrophy, 21 (7%) fat necrosis, 73 (24.5%) prolonged oedema, 1 (0.3%) infection, 6 (2%) prolonged erythema, 15 (5%) telangiectasia and 50 (16.8%) cases of acne activation. Conclusions: FFG related side effects could be resumed in three categories: severe, moderate, and minor. Severe (13.4%) side effects such as intravascular injection or migration require neurological or neurosurgical management and often lead to permanent disability or death. Moderate (38.3%) side effects such as fat hypertrophy, necrosis, cyst formation, irregularities and asymmetries require a retouch operation. Minor (48.3%) side effects such as prolonged oedema or erythema require no surgical management. Despite the fact that the overall general complication rate of facial fat grafting is assumed to be around 2%, the real complication rate of facial fat grafting is unknown due to a lack of reporting and the absence of consensus on side effect definition and identification. More RCTs are necessary to further determine the real complication rate of this procedure.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial Fat Grafting (FFG): Worth the Risk? A Systematic Review of Complications and Critical Appraisal

Schiraldi

Sapino

Meuli

et al. 2022

JCM

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“… 8 M fortuitum infection has been reported following cryopreserved fat graft of the face. 1 In a study done by Kim et al 9 on 150 cryopreserved fat samples, 5 sample cultures were positive for Staphylococcus epidermidis and 3 samples were positive for Micrococcus species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Autologous fat injection is a cosmetic procedure performed to enhance the cosmetic appearance. 1 , 2 , 3 Infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), such as Mycobacterium fortuitum , following cryopreserved fat injection have been reported. 1 Mycobacterium mageritense is a rapidly growing NTM, and to date, there have been only a few reported cases of skin and soft tissue infection with M mageritense .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 1 , 2 , 3 Infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), such as Mycobacterium fortuitum , following cryopreserved fat injection have been reported. 1 Mycobacterium mageritense is a rapidly growing NTM, and to date, there have been only a few reported cases of skin and soft tissue infection with M mageritense . 4 , 5 Herein, we describe 2 siblings who had subcutaneous infection with M mageritense following cryopreserved fat injection performed at a single clinic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycobacterium mageritense subcutaneous infection following cryopreserved facial fat injection: A report of 2 cases

et al. 2022

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“…Therefore, secondary touch-up procedures in the breast following reconstruction may be feasible. However, significantly more work in procedure standardization is required as others have noted potential clinical risks associated with oil cyst accumulation from reduced tissue viability from storage [135] and lack of validation towards sterility, potentially causing infection such as what occurred in a 22-year-old female who presented with multiple abscesses in her face requiring a year to control [136] .…”

Section: Research On the Horizonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat grafting in autologous breast reconstruction: applications, outcomes, safety, and complications

Shaaban¹,

Gourichon²,

Cruz³

et al. 2023

Plast Aesthet Res

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Autologous fat grafting is an important surgical technique in aesthetic and reconstructive procedures. Fat grafting for breast reconstruction is now an established procedure for adding volume and improving cutaneous pliability; it can be used independently to replace more invasive flap procedures or implants, or as an adjunct for smaller volume supplementation. The breadth of applications in the breast necessitates diversity in technique and approach, and while there is no universally agreed-upon protocol, basic principles have guided the evolution of some commonly adopted tenets. Broadly, fat grafting outcomes are highly favorable but dependent on patient and procedure factors, requiring learned patient selection and expertise in recipient site assessment. Common complications from fat grafting, such as fat necrosis and the development of nodules, are particularly troublesome for post-oncologic patients, requiring considerable pre-surgical consultation for patient education and managing expectations. In addition to volume and contour augmentation, fat grafting has additional beneficial effects that have recently drawn increased attention including pain reduction from implant capsular contracture or post-mastectomy pain syndrome, improved skin quality and reduced fibrosis following radiation, and possible anti-tumorigenic effects. New developments in clinical fat grafting research that are promising include the use of adipose progenitor cells admixed with lipoaspirate for improved volume retention or alternative biologics such as platelet-rich plasma. Preclinically, research towards safe and effective regenerative medicine approaches is actively underway, with the ultimate goal of achieving predictable and increased graft retention, reducing the number of required surgical procedures and enabling on-table results to reflect procedure outcomes.

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Mixed Infection of an Atypical Mycobacterium and Aspergillus Following a Cryopreserved Fat Graft to a Face

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Facial Fat Grafting (FFG): Worth the Risk? A Systematic Review of Complications and Critical Appraisal

Facial Fat Grafting (FFG): Worth the Risk? A Systematic Review of Complications and Critical Appraisal

Mycobacterium mageritense subcutaneous infection following cryopreserved facial fat injection: A report of 2 cases

Fat grafting in autologous breast reconstruction: applications, outcomes, safety, and complications

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