Mixed infection of <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> and <i>Bacteroides forsythus</i> in a murine abscess model: involvement of gingipains in a synergistic effect

Yoneda, Masahiro; Hirofuji, Takao; Anan, Hisashi; Matsumoto, Akiko; Hamachi, Toshihiro; Nakayama, Koji; Maeda, Katsumasa

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0765.2001.036004237.x

Cited by 103 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Co-infection with periodontopathic organisms including P. gingivalis and B. forsythus [20] and P. gingivalis and Treponema denticola [31] has been reported to induce a synergistic effect on the size of lesions in a murine model. Primary infection of mice with P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum also resulted in significantly greater lesion size compared with infection with P. gingivalis alone [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While animal studies have demonstrated the pathogenicity of mono-infections of periodontopathogens such as P. gingivalis [13][14][15][16][17], in recent years, reports have been published on the effects of mixed microbial infections including P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans [18], P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum [19] and P. gingivalis and B. forsythus [20] which resulted generally in increased levels of pathogenicity with a synergistic effect observed in the humoral and cellular host responses. In the human, F. nucleatum colonizes the plaque prior to P. gingivalis and high levels of F. nucleatum have been demonstrated in association with P. gingivalis as well as other bacteria associated with periodontal disease, such as B. forsythus, Prevotella intermedia and Eikenella corrodens [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Fusobacterium nucleatum on the T and B cell responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis in a mouse model

Gemmell

Bird

Carter

et al. 2002

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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Periodontal disease results from the inflammatory response to bacteria in dental plaque (reviewed in [1]). Although there are well over 300 different bacterial species in the plaque, progression to periodontitis depends not on bacterial load, but on the presence of specific periodontopathic bacteria. The major pathogens identified at the 1996 World Workshop in Periodontics as causative agents are Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Bacteroides forsythus [2]. P. gingivalis has been found in 15% of subjects in an Australian population, the prevalence increasing with increasing pocket depth [3]. In another study, Slots and Ting [4] found that 40-100% of adult periodontitis patients were positive for P. gingivalis. This high occurrence, together with the pathogenic potential of P. gingivalis, has made it a major pathogen of adult periodontitis [5].Immunohistological studies have established that a T cell/macrophage lesion identical to a delayed hypersensitivity 238 Effect of Fusobacterium nucleatum on the T and B cell responses toPorphyromonas gingivalis in a mouse model SUMMARYT cell cytokine profiles and specific serum antibody levels in five groups of BALB/c mice immunized with saline alone, viable Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586, viable Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277, F. nucleatum followed by P. gingivalis and P. gingivalis followed by F. nucleatum were determined. Splenic CD4 and CD8 cells were examined for intracytoplasmic interleukin (IL)-4, interferon (IFN)-gamma and IL-10 by dual colour flow cytometry and the levels of serum anti-F. nucleatum and anti-P. gingivalis antibodies determined by an ELISA. Both Th1 and Th2 responses were demonstrated by all groups, and while there were slightly lower percentages of cytokine positive T cells in mice injected with F. nucleatum alone compared with the other groups immunized with bacteria, F. nucleatum had no effect on the T cell production of cytokines induced by P. gingivalis in the two groups immunized with both organisms. However, the percentages of cytokine positive CD8 cells were generally significantly higher than those of the CD4 cells. Mice immunized with F. nucleatum alone had high levels of serum anti-F. nucleatum antibodies with very low levels of P. gingivalis antibodies, whereas mice injected with P. gingivalis alone produced anti-P. gingivalis antibodies predominantly. Although the levels of anti-F. nucleatum antibodies in mice injected with F. nucleatum followed by P. gingivalis were the same as in mice immunized with F. nucleatum alone, antibody levels to P. gingivalis were very low. In contrast, mice injected with P. gingivalis followed by F. nucleatum produced equal levels of both anti-P. gingivalis and anti-F. nucleatum antibodies, although at lower levels than the other three groups immunized with bacteria, respectively. Anti-Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides forsythus and Prevotella intermedia serum antibody levels were also determined and found to be negligible. In conclusion, F. nucleatum ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Fusobacterium nucleatum on the T and B cell responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis in a mouse model

Gemmell

Bird

Carter

et al. 2002

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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“…Cells grown in broth media were harvested by centrifugation, suspended in PBS, and syringe-passaged 3 times to form an equal suspension. Absorbance of each suspension was measured at 600 nm, and their cell concentrations were adjusted to about 10 11 cells/ml according to protocols in previous manuscripts 32,33) . Mice were injected at sites on the dorsal area with 200l (about ‫01ן2‬ 10 cells) of each suspension or 200l of a mixed suspension of P. gingivalis 16-1 (100l; about ‫01ן1‬ 10 cells) and T. denticola ATCC 33520 (100l; about ‫01ן1‬ 10 cells).…”

Section: Inoculation and Abscess Examination In Mouse Skin Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

EFFECTS OF A MIXED INFECTION WITH Porphyromonas gingivalis AND Treponema denticola ON ABSCESS FORMATION AND IMMUNE RESPONSES IN MICE

Washizu

Ishihara

Honma

et al. 2003

Bull. Tokyo Dent. Coll.

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Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola have been found together in lesions of human periodontitis. We examined the ability of a mixed infection by both bacteria to synergistically form abscesses and disturb immune responses in mice. Absorbance of an invasive P. gingivalis 16-1 strain grown in tryptic soy broth and T. denticola ATCC 33520 strain grown in TYGVS medium were adjusted. BALB/c mice were injected with 200l of the cell suspension at a site on the lateral dorsal area. The sizes of the subsequent subcutaneous abscesses were measured with a caliper gauge, and the area was expressed in square mm. Mixed infections by P. gingivalis and T. denticola produced larger abscesses than those formed after mono-infections by either P. gingivalis or T. denticola. The abscesses caused by mixed infection reached their maxima on the 6th day and maintained that size for the subsequent 5 days. The delayed type hypersensitivities against extracted antigens of P. gingivalis in mixed infection mice were significantly lower than those in the monoinfected mice. However, the IgG response to sonicated antigen of P. gingivalis did not differ between the two groups. The sizes of the abscesses caused by mixed infections in mice immunized with whole cells of P. gingivalis 16-1 were compared to those caused in sham-immunized mice. The average size of the abscess caused by mixed infection in immunized mice did not differ from that in sham-immunized mice, but many of the abscesses in immunized mice ruptured on the 4th or 5th day, followed by recovery in two weeks. These results suggest that mixed infection with P. gingivalis and T. denticola attenuates protective immune responses.

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“…the virulence properties of P. gingivalis are enhanced by interaction with F. nucleatum (Frias et al, 2001;Kinder & Holt, 1989;Kolenbrander & Andersen, 1987), T. denticola (Grenier, 1992;Ikegami et al, 2004), and T. forsythia (Yao et al, 1996). T. denticola and P. gingivalis display a symbiotic relationship in degrading proteins, utilisation of nutrients and growth promotion (Grenier, 1992;Grenier & Mayrand, 2001;Hollman & van der Hoeven, 1999;Kigure et al, 1995;Nilius et al, 1993;Yoneda et al, 2001). Interactions between T. forsythia and other bacteria such as members of the "red complex" result in synergistic mechanisms in alveolar bone loss and immune-inflammatory responses in rats (Kesavalu et al, 2007).…”

Section: Synergistic Virulence Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbial Aetiology of Periodontal Diseases

Africa¹

2012

Periodontal Diseases - A Clinician's Guide

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Mixed infection of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Bacteroides forsythus in a murine abscess model: involvement of gingipains in a synergistic effect

Cited by 103 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of Fusobacterium nucleatum on the T and B cell responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis in a mouse model

Effect of Fusobacterium nucleatum on the T and B cell responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis in a mouse model

EFFECTS OF A MIXED INFECTION WITH Porphyromonas gingivalis AND Treponema denticola ON ABSCESS FORMATION AND IMMUNE RESPONSES IN MICE

The Microbial Aetiology of Periodontal Diseases

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