Mixed infection of peste-des-petits ruminants and Capripox in goats in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo

Abstract

Objective: We aimed at determining the prevalence and characterizing the CaPV, determining the CaPV-PPRV coinfection prevalence and providing data about phylogenetic relationship between the fusion protein of PPRV and P32 gene of CaPV. Materials and methods: A total of 150 samples including animals swabs, tissues and blood were collected from unvaccinated goats in a PPR and/or Capripox outbreaks in South Kivu, Eastern of Democratic Republic of the Congo. Conventional PCR and reverse transcriptase (RT-PCR) were used respectively to amplify P32, RPO30, GPCR genes of Capripox virus and Fusion (F) protein of PPRV. Positive samples were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis.Results: Out of 150 tested animals, 64.7% (n=97/150) were PPRV positive, 52.7% (n=79/150) were Capripox positive and 38.7% (n=58/150) were positive for both PPRV and CaPV. The pairwise comparison of P32 gene of CaPV and F gene of PPRV showed 99.75% of identity percentage among goatpox virus sequences, 96.95% among PPRV sequences and 47.91% between CaPV and PPRV sequences. Conclusion:The study has demonstrated high prevalence of CaP V-PPRV mixed infection in South Kivu. Lumpy skin virus disease (LSVD) is a lineage circulating which has a genetic relationship between its P32 gene and the F gene of PPRV giving the challenge to differentiate the two diseases at the clinical farm level.

Characterisation of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Disease in Pastoralist Flocks in Ngorongoro District of Northern Tanzania and Bluetongue Virus Co-Infection

“…In this study, we did not assay for these pathogens, but sheep and goat pox and CCPP were diagnosed based on typical clinical signs in flocks that neighboured confirmed PPRV-infected flocks. Co-infection of PPRV with capripoxvirus has been reported in the Democratic Republic of Congo [60] and in India [61,62]. Peri-oral skin lesions were present in some flocks but not others, which raises the question of whether the lesions were due to PPRV infection or due to co-infection with other pathogens such as orf virus or bacterial infections.…”

Hemato-biochemical parameters of Pesti-des Petits Ruminants (PPR) affected goats in Chittagong, Bangladesh

“…The disease is endemic in the Arabian Pennsylvania, the Middle East, Indian subcontinent, Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Bhutan as well as Bangladesh (Muhammad et al, 2010). The World Organization for Animal Health has recently been identified PPR as a serious notifiable and economically important transboundary viral disease of sheep and goats to jeopardize with high morbidity and mortality (Diallo et al, 2007;Folitse et al, 2017;Birindwa et al, 2017). Clinically, the disease is characterized by high fever, oculo-nasal discharges, necrotizing and erosive stomatitis, diarrhoea, and dyspnea bronchopneumonia followed by either death or recovery from the disease (Balamurugan et al, 2012;Sharma et al, 2012;Jaisree et al, 2018).…”

Seromonitoring of Peste des Petits Ruminants in goats and molecular characterization of PPR virus from field cases

“…The present study investigated the seromonitoring of PPRV antibodies under the natural condition in vaccinated and unvaccinated goats. Birindwa et al [22] reported that 64.7% unvaccinated goats were PPRV positive in Congo. It is crucial that effective implementation of control programs for PPR requires regular vaccination with effective vaccine and seromonitoring of immunity against PPRV.…”

“…Previously, in India, overall seroprevalence of PPRV antibody in goats was observed as 35% [3], whereas in Tanzania, Sudan, and the Republic of Congo, it was 49.50% [1], 59.15% [27], and 64.7% [22], respectively. A similar report from Sudan describing a prevalence of 45.6% PPRV antibodies by c-ELISA was reported by Salih et al [28].…”