Mixed interlayers at the interface between PEDOT:PSS and conjugated polymers provide charge transport control

Moulé, Adam J.; Jung, Min-Cherl; Rochester, Chris W.; Tress, Wolfgang; LaGrange, Daniela; Jacobs, Ian E.; Li, Jun; Mauger, Scott A.; Rail, M. Diego; Lin, Oliver; Bilsky, David J.; Qi, Yabing; Stroeve, Pieter; Berben, Louise A.; Riede, Moritz

doi:10.1039/c4tc02251c

Cited by 32 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(115 reference statements)

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“…The reasons for the poor performance of devices incorporating PSS are currently unclear, but we speculate that mixing between highly charged PSS and P3HT is poor, despite recent evidence that some mixing between PSS and P3HT can occur. 62 …”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Miscibility and Acid Strength Govern Contact Doping of Organic Photovoltaics with Strong Polyelectrolytes

Le¹,

Shang

Wang³

et al. 2015

Macromolecules

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Interfacial barriers at electrode−semiconductor contacts can greatly limit charge collection efficiency and hamper device performance. Doping of the semiconductor near the interface can mitigate charge extraction or injection problems by allowing charge tunneling through barriers with reduced width. Here we demonstrate that polymer acids can act as p-type dopants near electrode interfaces for active layers containing poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT). By varying the pendant acidic groups between aromatic sulfonic acid, trifluoromethane sulfonimide, and perfluorosulfonic acid, we find the effectiveness of doping the conjugated polymer at the interface depends on the strength of the pendant acid group with stronger acid moieties being capable of creating more carriers in the doped system. Deposition of acidic polymeric dopants at the anode allows high carrier densities, of order 10 20 cm −3 , to be obtained in polymer semiconductors near the electrode interface. The charge carrier density also depends on the miscibility between polymeric dopants and conjugated polymers. The overall doping efficacy near electrodes therefore depends on the interplay between the strength of pendant acid groups and miscibility between polymeric dopants and conjugated polymers.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…33,34,62 We explore this hypothesis using thin layers of PSS on ITO in P3HT/PCBM solar cell devices. As shown in Figure S8, devices with PSS at the anode contact perform poorly.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miscibility and Acid Strength Govern Contact Doping of Organic Photovoltaics with Strong Polyelectrolytes

Le¹,

Shang

Wang³

et al. 2015

Macromolecules

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“…Figure 4 shows the energy level properties of the manufactured devices, internal potential with the light source, and J SC , V OC –light intensity ( I ) dependence properties. The analyses, as shown in Figure a–c, exhibit changes in the work function of the HTLs incorporated in the Ag electrode, E cut‐off , E on‐set , and energy level alignment with the BHJ layer, as determined by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) analysis . The work functions were −4.74 eV for pristine Ag, −5.05 eV for HTL Solar/Ag, and −5.27 eV for bilayer HTLs/Ag.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Figure 4 shows the energy level properties of the manufactured devices, internal potential with the light source, and J SC , V OC -light intensity (I) dependence properties. [78,79] The work functions were −4.74 eV for pristine Ag, −5.05 eV for HTL Solar/Ag, and −5.27 eV for bilayer HTLs/Ag. [78,79] The work functions were −4.74 eV for pristine Ag, −5.05 eV for HTL Solar/Ag, and −5.27 eV for bilayer HTLs/Ag.…”

Section: Energy Level Matching and Internal Potential Of Htlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaporation‐Free Nonfullerene Flexible Organic Solar Cell Modules Manufactured by An All‐Solution Process

Han

Jeon

Lee

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

100

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fabricated for application over a large area, and applicability in flexible electronics. [1][2][3][4][5][6] It is possible to design high-performance devices by designing photoactive materials that constitute a bulk heterojunction (BHJ), [7][8][9] device engineering, [10][11][12][13] and a combination of these. [14,15] Therefore, this has attention as an area in which commercialization can occur through the application of flexible, wearable, and portable devices, and building-integrated photovoltaics. [4,[16][17][18][19][20] Recently, different methods such as spin coating, [21][22][23] slotdie coating, [24][25][26] and blade coating, [27,28] are being attempted to develop large-area modules with laboratory-to-industrial applications. Among them, slot-die coating can easily control each layer and the related processing factors, such as discharge rate and speed, thus enabling control of thickness and conformation. Therefore, it is the most appropriate coating method to use to produce devices and modules with large areas. [16,29] Krebs and co-workers fabricated flexible OSC modules using a roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing process called "ProcessOne." Their flexible OSC modules with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 2-3% demonstrated an energy payback time (EPBT) of 2.02-1.35 years. [30,31] Using Proces-sOne, the BHJ layer and buffer layer were formed using slot-die coating and the Ag back electrode was formed via screen printing; this resulted in the design of OSC modules with inverted structures, which enabled cost-effective production. [32,33] Several particular challenges need to be considered in the manufacturing of this type of OSC modules using an R2R process; these included thermally treating the film [34,35] and ensuring the thermal stability of the substrate [36] the uniformity of the film morphology, [22][23][24] and the evaporation process of the buffer layer and the electrode. [3,25,26,37] The large-area flexible OSC modules have been reported their efficiencies with various materials and coating methods. In flexible unit-cells with small-area, Peng and co-workers recently reported high PCE of 14.06% introducing ternary heterojunction strategy in active area of 0.04 cm 2 . [38] The flexible OSC module based thermally evaporated top electrode reported relatively higher performances. Zhou and co-workers reported tandem structure with PCE of 6.5% in active area of 10.5 cm 2 , also, Ma and co-workers reported ternary structure with PCE of To ensure laboratory-to-industry transfer of next-generation energy harvesting organic solar cells (OSCs), it is necessary to develop flexible OSC modules that can be produced on a continuous roll-to-roll basis and to apply an allsolution process. In this study, nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs)-based donor polymer, SMD2, is newly designed and synthesized to continuously fabricate high-performance flexible OSC modules. Also, multifunctional hole transport layers (HTLs), WO 3 /HTL solar bilayer HTLs, are developed and applied via an all-solution process called "ProcessOne...

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“…Generally, polystyrene sulfonate (PSS)-doped PEDOT (PEDOT:PSS) is used to obtain a stable dispersion in a water solvent. PEDOT:PSS has been used extensively in the last few years as a conducting polymer [ 76 ]. The simplest technique for coating is dip coating, where the fabric is simply dipped into the conductive solution, resulting in a conductive polymer fabric.…”

Section: Conductive Textile: Materials and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Textile-Based Electronic Components for Energy Applications: Principles, Problems, and Perspective

et al. 2015

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Textile-based electronic components have gained interest in the fields of science and technology. Recent developments in nanotechnology have enabled the integration of electronic components into textiles while retaining desirable characteristics such as flexibility, strength, and conductivity. Various materials were investigated in detail to obtain current conductive textile technology, and the integration of electronic components into these textiles shows great promise for common everyday applications. The harvest and storage of energy in textile electronics is a challenge that requires further attention in order to enable complete adoption of this technology in practical implementations. This review focuses on the various conductive textiles, their methods of preparation, and textile-based electronic components. We also focus on fabrication and the function of textile-based energy harvesting and storage devices, discuss their fundamental limitations, and suggest new areas of study.

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Mixed interlayers at the interface between PEDOT:PSS and conjugated polymers provide charge transport control

Cited by 32 publications

References 74 publications

Miscibility and Acid Strength Govern Contact Doping of Organic Photovoltaics with Strong Polyelectrolytes

Miscibility and Acid Strength Govern Contact Doping of Organic Photovoltaics with Strong Polyelectrolytes

Evaporation‐Free Nonfullerene Flexible Organic Solar Cell Modules Manufactured by An All‐Solution Process

Textile-Based Electronic Components for Energy Applications: Principles, Problems, and Perspective

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