Mixed Layer Modeling of Intraseasonal Variability in the Tropical Western Pacific and Indian Oceans

Shinoda, Toshiaki; Hendon, Harry H.

doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<2668:mlmoiv>2.0.co;2

Cited by 171 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…It is well known that the MJO has a large impact on the sea surface temperature (SST) in the Indian Ocean as increased zonal winds increase latent heat flux, induce vertical mixing, and increased cloud cover reduces solar insolation (e.g., Shinoda et al 1998;Shinoda 2005;Shinoda et al 2013a;Zhang 2005Zhang , 2013. In addition to mixed layer (ML) temperature variations from local heat fluxes, there is a dynamic wave response causing the horizontal or vertical advection of heat and freshwater.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Ocean Response to CINDY/DYNAMO MJOs in Air-Sea-Coupled COAMPS

Jensen

Shinoda

Chen³

et al. 2015

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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The response of the ocean to three Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) events during the fall of 2011 is simulated by the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) in a fully coupled mode with high resolution in the atmosphere and ocean. The model simulates the cooler sea surface temperature (SST) and disappearance of the diurnal cycle in SST during the active phase of the MJO and it compares well with the observed SST from Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction (RAMA) buoys. The most striking direct response to the westerly zonal wind stress associated with the onset of the MJO is a rapidly accelerating Yoshida jet in the ocean mixed layer with equatorial zonal currents exceeding 1 m s -1 . These jets are found in the model as well as the RAMA buoy observations. In the model, the Yoshida jet is superimposed on the seasonal Wyrtki jet that has a subsurface local maximum between 50 and 150 m. A shear layer separates the subsurface seasonal jet and the surface jet forced by the MJO. The sea surface elevation response and upper ocean heat content show wind generated westward propagating Rossby waves symmetric around the equator and an associated eastward propagating equatorial Kelvin wave response. After the third MJO event, the Yoshida jet spans most of the equatorial Indian Ocean. Upon reaching the Indonesian coast, the associated equatorial Kelvin wave reflects and generates additional westward propagating equatorial Rossby waves. The volume transport associated with these waves causes the westward advection of low-salinity north and south of the equator, impacting the tropical ocean circulation.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Ocean Response to CINDY/DYNAMO MJOs in Air-Sea-Coupled COAMPS

Jensen

Shinoda

Chen³

et al. 2015

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…Significant SST variations in the tropical Indian and western Pacific warm pool regions are generally observed during the MJO events because of anomalous surface fluxes of heat and momentum, e.g., [31][32][33][34][35][36]. Figure 7 shows the SST at 80.5°E, equator from high resolution blended analysis and RAMA buoy data.…”

Section: Sea Surface Temperaturementioning

confidence: 97%

Large-Scale Oceanic Variability Associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation during the CINDY/DYNAMO Field Campaign from Satellite Observations

et al. 2013

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During the CINDY/DYNAMO field campaign (fall/winter 2011), intensive measurements of the upper ocean, including an array of several surface moorings and ship observations for the area around 75°E-80°E, Equator-10°S, were conducted. In this study, large-scale upper ocean variations surrounding the intensive array during the field campaign are described based on the analysis of satellite-derived data. Surface currents, sea surface height (SSH), sea surface salinity (SSS), surface winds and sea surface temperature (SST) during the CINDY/DYNAMO field campaign derived from satellite observations are analyzed. During the intensive observation period, three active episodes of large-scale convection associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) propagated eastward across the tropical Indian Ocean. Surface westerly winds near the equator were particularly strong during the events in late November and late December, exceeding 10 m/s. These westerlies generated strong eastward jets (>1 m/s) on the equator. Significant remote ocean responses to the equatorial westerlies were observed in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres in the central and eastern Indian Oceans. The anomalous SSH associated with strong eastward jets propagated eastward as an equatorial Kelvin wave and generated OPEN ACCESSRemote Sens. 2013, 5 2073 intense downwelling near the eastern boundary. The anomalous positive SSH then partly propagated westward around 4°S as a reflected equatorial Rossby wave, and it significantly influenced the upper ocean structure in the Seychelles-Chagos thermocline ridge about two months after the last MJO event during the field campaign. For the first time, it is demonstrated that subseasonal SSS variations in the central Indian Ocean can be monitored by Aquarius measurements based on the comparison with in situ observations at three locations. Subseasonal SSS variability in the central Indian Ocean observed by RAMA buoys is explained by large-scale water exchanges between the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal through the zonal current variation near the equator.

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“…During the convectively active phase of the MJO, there are strong surface winds and no warm layer can form. As a result, diurnal warm layers tend to increase the amplitude of intraseasonal perturbations of the SST (e.g., Shinoda and Hendon 1998;Bernie et al 2005). These diurnal warm layers influence the atmospheric variability from diurnal to intraseasonal time scales and improve the MJO predictability in a GCM (Woolnough et al 2007).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cirene: Air—Sea Interactions in the Seychelles—Chagos Thermocline Ridge Region

Vialard¹,

Duvel²,

McPhaden³

et al. 2009

Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.

133

120

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A field experiment in the southwesternIndian Ocean provides new insights into ocean-atmosphere interactions in a key climatic region. W hile easterly trade winds blow year-round over the southern Indian Ocean, surface winds experience a striking reversal north of 10°S. During boreal summer, the low-level easterly flow penetrates northward, is deflected when crossing the equator, and forms the strong Indian monsoon jet. During boreal winter, northeasterly winds also bend while crossing the equator southward and form a weak low-level westerly jet between the equator and 10°S (Fig. la)

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Mixed Layer Modeling of Intraseasonal Variability in the Tropical Western Pacific and Indian Oceans

Cited by 171 publications

References 22 publications

Ocean Response to CINDY/DYNAMO MJOs in Air-Sea-Coupled COAMPS

Ocean Response to CINDY/DYNAMO MJOs in Air-Sea-Coupled COAMPS

Large-Scale Oceanic Variability Associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation during the CINDY/DYNAMO Field Campaign from Satellite Observations

Cirene: Air—Sea Interactions in the Seychelles—Chagos Thermocline Ridge Region

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