Mixed‐Matrix Membranes

Abstract

Research into extended porous materials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and porous organic frameworks (POFs), as well as the analogous metal-organic polyhedra (MOPs) and porous organic cages (POCs), has blossomed over the last decade. Given their chemical and structural variability and notable porosity, MOFs have been proposed as adsorbents for industrial gas separations and also as promising filler components for high-performance mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs). Research in this area has focused on enhancing the chemical compatibility of the MOF and polymer phases by judiciously functionalizing the organic linkers of the MOF, modifying the MOF surface chemistry, and, more recently, exploring how particle size, morphology, and distribution enhance separation performance. Other filler materials, including POFs, MOPs, and POCs, are also being explored as additives for MMMs and have shown remarkable anti-aging performance and excellent chemical compatibility with commercially available polymers. This Review briefly outlines the state-of-the-art in MOF-MMM fabrication, and the more recent use of POFs and molecular additives.

Porous Molecular Solids and Liquids

“…They can be solution processed into a variety of forms, such as thin films and membranes. This applies to molecular cages (Figure 1b), 36 polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs), 21,37 and organic–organic mixed-matrix membrane (MMM) composites, 38,39 where a crystalline porous molecular filler reduces membrane aging.…”

“…Likewise, there is just one report so far of solution-cast organic–organic MMM composites, which involved a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) and an organic imine cage ( CC3 ), 38 and this is an unexplored playground for the future. 39,101 …”

Influence of Filler Pore Structure and Polymer on the Performance of MOF‐Based Mixed‐Matrix Membranes for CO2 Capture

“…Mixed-matrixm embranes (MMMs) consisting of composites of inorganic or organic fillers dispersed in ap olymer phase are proposed as alternative materials delivering both the promising performance benefits of embedded fillersa nd the economical processing of polymers. [4,14,15] Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emergeda safamily of outstanding porousc rystallinem aterials. [16][17][18][19] Their rich chemistry and topological variety make them superior fillers for constructing MMMs.…”

Incorporating the Thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole Unit into a Coordination Polymer with Interdigitated Structure

“…Due to the immense quantity of possible inorganic and organic building units several applications are discussed (e.g., gas storage and separation, catalysis, sensing and heat transformation) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Many different organic functionalities have been introduced into the frameworks either by a priori ligand functionalization or by post synthetic modification [14][15][16].…”