Mixed‐Organic‐Cation Tin Iodide for Lead‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells with an Efficiency of 8.12%

Zhao, Zeang; Gu, Feidan; Li, Yunlong; Sun, Weihai; Ye, Senyun; Rao, Haixia; Liu, Zhiwei; Bian, Zuqiang; Huang, Chunhui

doi:10.1002/advs.201700204

Cited by 443 publications

(467 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…1) and other absorber materials [7–10 12–13 16–20]. Experimental solar cell performance compared to the Shockley–Queisser SQ limit (a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The record efficiency of 7.5% [6] is comparable to that of other less investigated materials, such as the best lead-free perovskites [7], Cu 2 O [8] and Sb 2 Se 3 [9–10] and outperforms bismuth-halides [11–12], SnS [13] and Bi 2 S 3 [14–16]. However, the efficiency of Sb 2 S 3 trails behind the more thoroughly studied material systems such as lead-based perovskites [17], organic solar cells [18–19] or PbS [20], thus further technological investigation is needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Spin-coated planar Sb₂S₃ hybrid solar cells approaching 5% efficiency

Kaienburg¹,

Klingebiel²,

Kirchartz³

2018

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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Antimony sulfide solar cells have demonstrated an efficiency exceeding 7% when assembled in an extremely thin absorber configuration deposited via chemical bath deposition. More recently, less complex, planar geometries were obtained from simple spin-coating approaches, but the device efficiency still lags behind. We compare two processing routes based on different precursors reported in the literature. By studying the film morphology, sub-bandgap absorption and solar cell performance, improved annealing procedures are found and the crystallization temperature is shown to be critical. In order to determine the optimized processing conditions, the role of the polymeric hole transport material is discussed. The efficiency of our best solar cells exceeds previous reports for each processing route, and our champion device displays one of the highest efficiencies reported for planar antimony sulfide solar cells.

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“…1) and other absorber materials [7–10 12–13 16–20]. Experimental solar cell performance compared to the Shockley–Queisser SQ limit (a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Spin-coated planar Sb₂S₃ hybrid solar cells approaching 5% efficiency

Kaienburg¹,

Klingebiel²,

Kirchartz³

2018

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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“…Lee et al reported FASnI 3 perovskite solar cells in regular mesoporous TiO 2 structure with the addition of pyrazine to achieve a PCE of 4.8%. [70] The PCE of Sn perovskite solar cells is mainly limited by the instability of the absorber materials due to the easy oxidation of Sn 2+ to Sn 4+ . [68] Zhu et al realized FASnI 3 solar cells with a PCE of 7% via a sequential deposition method.…”

Section: Wwwadvmatde Wwwadvancedsciencenewscommentioning

confidence: 99%

From Lead Halide Perovskites to Lead‐Free Metal Halide Perovskites and Perovskite Derivatives

2019

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serious challenges due to the inclusion of toxic Pb and instability against moisture, heat, and irradiation. In recent years, significant efforts have been paid to develop Pb-free halide perovskite and perovskite derivative absorber materials. However, so far, solar cells based on these materials show significantly inferior performances as compared to their Pb halide perovskite counterparts. Herein, we provide reviews on the fundamental understandings of the photovoltaic properties from Pb halide perovskites to Pb-free metal halide perovskites and perovskite derivatives as well as the experimental results reported in the literature. The results suggest that replacing Pb by nontoxic elements may degrade the superior photovoltaic properties seen in Pb halide perovskites, explaining the fact that all reported solar cells based on Pb-free perovskites or perovskite derivatives show performances significantly lower than Pb halide perovskite solar cells. Overview: Approaches and Consequences of Pb ReplacementWe first provide an overview of the approaches and consequences of Pb replacement reported in the literature, as shown in Figure 1. In general, there are two categories for Pb replacement: using either homovalent elements such as Sn and Ge or heterovalent elements such as Bi and Sb. The heterovalent replacement category can be divided into two subcategories based on the ways to maintain the charge neutrality: ion-splitting and ordered vacancy. The ion-splitting subcategory can be further divided into mixed anion compounds with the formula of AB(Ch,X) 3 , where Ch represents a chalcogen element, and X represents a halogen element, and mixed cation compounds with a formula of A 2 B(I)B(III)X 6 , which are commonly called double perovskites. The ordered vacancy subcategory can also be divided into the B(III) compounds with a formula of A 3 ◻B(III)X 9 and the B(IV) compounds with a formula of A 2 ◻ B(IV)X 6 (the sign of ◻ indicates vacancy). Figure 1 also summarizes the photovoltaic properties and the stabilities of each group of materials, which provides a clear overview of the consequences of Pb replacement. While the homovalent replacement by Sn or Ge leads to instability, the heterovalent Pb replacement leads to degraded electronic properties mainly due to the reduction on electronic dimensionality. As a result, all the reported Pb-free perovskite and perovskite derivative solar Despite the exciting progress on power conversion efficiencies, the commercialization of the emerging lead (Pb) halide perovskite solar cell technology still faces significant challenges, one of which is the inclusion of toxic Pb. Searching for Pb-free perovskite solar cell absorbers is currently an attractive research direction. The approaches used for and the consequences of Pb replacement are reviewed herein. Reviews on the theoretical understanding of the electronic, optical, and defect properties of Pb and Pb-free halide perovskites and perovskite derivatives are provided, as well as the experimental results available in the literature....

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“…[20,21] Just before the submission of this manuscript, Zhao et al reported tinbased HPSCs with a PCE of 8.12% by using mixed cation tin perovskite (FA 0.75 MA 0.25 SnI 3 ) as light harvesting layer. [22] Despite the relatively high efficiency, the resistance to moisture of FA 0.75 MA 0.25 SnI 3 -based HPSCs should be quite limited because of the hydrophilic FA + and MA + cations.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/aenm201702019mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Reproducible Sn‐Based Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells with 9% Efficiency

Shao

Liu

Portale

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

807

778

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The low power conversion efficiency (PCE) of tin‐based hybrid perovskite solar cells (HPSCs) is mainly attributed to the high background carrier density due to a high density of intrinsic defects such as Sn vacancies and oxidized species (Sn4+) that characterize Sn‐based HPSCs. Herein, this study reports on the successful reduction of the background carrier density by more than one order of magnitude by depositing near‐single‐crystalline formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3) films with the orthorhombic a‐axis in the out‐of‐plane direction. Using these highly crystalline films, obtained by mixing a very small amount (0.08 m) of layered (2D) Sn perovskite with 0.92 m (3D) FASnI3, for the first time a PCE as high as 9.0% in a planar p–i–n device structure is achieved. These devices display negligible hysteresis and light soaking, as they benefit from very low trap‐assisted recombination, low shunt losses, and more efficient charge collection. This represents a 50% improvement in PCE compared to the best reference cell based on a pure FASnI3 film using SnF2 as a reducing agent. Moreover, the 2D/3D‐based HPSCs show considerable improved stability due to the enhanced robustness of the perovskite film compared to the reference cell.

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Mixed‐Organic‐Cation Tin Iodide for Lead‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells with an Efficiency of 8.12%

Cited by 443 publications

References 34 publications

Spin-coated planar Sb₂S₃ hybrid solar cells approaching 5% efficiency

Spin-coated planar Sb₂S₃ hybrid solar cells approaching 5% efficiency

From Lead Halide Perovskites to Lead‐Free Metal Halide Perovskites and Perovskite Derivatives

Highly Reproducible Sn‐Based Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells with 9% Efficiency

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Mixed‐Organic‐Cation Tin Iodide for Lead‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells with an Efficiency of 8.12%

Cited by 443 publications

References 34 publications

Spin-coated planar Sb2S3 hybrid solar cells approaching 5% efficiency

Spin-coated planar Sb2S3 hybrid solar cells approaching 5% efficiency

From Lead Halide Perovskites to Lead‐Free Metal Halide Perovskites and Perovskite Derivatives

Highly Reproducible Sn‐Based Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells with 9% Efficiency

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Product

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Spin-coated planar Sb₂S₃ hybrid solar cells approaching 5% efficiency

Spin-coated planar Sb₂S₃ hybrid solar cells approaching 5% efficiency