Mixed Organic Solvents Induce Renal Injury in Rats

Abstract

To investigate the injury effects of organic solvents on kidney, an animal model of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats treated with mixed organic solvents via inhalation was generated and characterized. The mixed organic solvents consisted of gasoline, dimethylbenzene and formaldehyde (GDF) in the ratio of 2∶2:1, and were used at 12,000 PPM to treat the rats twice a day, each for 3 hours. Proteinuria appeared in the rats after exposure for 5–6 weeks. The incidences of proteinuria in male and female rats after exposure for 12 weeks were 43.8% (7/16) and 25% (4/16), respectively. Urinary N-Acetyl-β-(D)-Glucosaminidase (NAG) activity was increased significantly after exposure for 4 weeks. Histological examination revealed remarkable injuries in the proximal renal tubules, including tubular epithelial cell detachment, cloud swelling and vacuole formation in the proximal tubular cells, as well as proliferation of parietal epithelium and tubular reflux in glomeruli. Ultrastructural examination found that brush border and cytoplasm of tubular epithelial cell were dropped, that tubular epithelial cells were partially disintegrated, and that the mitochondria of tubular epithelial cells were degenerated and lost. In addition to tubular lesions, glomerular damages were also observed, including segmental foot process fusion and loss of foot process covering on glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Immunofluorescence staining indicated that the expression of nephrin and podocin were both decreased after exposure of GDF. In contrast, increased expression of desmin, a marker of podocyte injury, was found in some areas of a glomerulus. TUNEL staining showed that GDF induced apoptosis in tubular cells and glomerular cells. These studies demonstrate that GDF can induce both severe proximal tubular damage and podocyte injury in rats, and the tubular lesions appear earlier than that of glomeruli.

Effect of occupational exposure to chemicals on some biochemical parameters

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Histological and Immunohistochemical Study of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle Effect on the Rat Renal Cortex and the Possible Protective Role of Lycopene

“…The intermediate filament protein (desmin) had been known as an indicator of podocytic injury. The expression was often upregulated in various glomerular diseases in which podo cytic injuries were involved [34,35] .…”

Some Biochemical and Hematological Parameters among Petrol Station Attendants: A Comparative Study

“…Fuel products are mixtures of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons mostly related to gasoline; most of them are toxic to many organ systems including the kidney [ 24 , 25 ], which may be attributed to an increase in liberating toxic metabolites including reactive oxygen species. While experiments with rats indicate that exposure by inhalation to the aromatic hydrocarbons toluene, styrene, and xylene was nephrotoxic [ 26 ], this effect has not been confirmed in man [ 27 ].…”