Mixed Oxime-Functionalized IL/16-s-16 Gemini Surfactants System: Physicochemical Study and Structural Transitions in the Presence of Promethazine as a Potential Chiral Pollutant

Abstract

The increasing concern about chiral pharmaceutical pollutants is connected to environmental contamination causing both chronic and acute harmful effects on living organisms. The design and application of sustainable surfactants in the remediation of polluted sites require knowledge of partitioning between surfactants and potential pollutants. The interfacial and thermodynamic properties of two gemini surfactants, namely, alkanediyi-α,ω-bis(dimethylhexadecyl ammonium bromide) (16-s-16, where s = 10, 12), were studied in the presence of the inherently biodegradable oxime-functionalized ionic liquid (IL) 4-((hydroxyimino)methyl)-1-(2-(octylamino)-2-oxoethyl)pyridin-1-ium bromide (4-PyC8) in an aqueous solution using surface tension, conductivity, fluorescence, FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques. The conductivity, surface tension and fluorescence measurements indicated that the presence of the IL 4-PyC8 resulted in decreasing CMC and facilitated the aggregation process. The various thermodynamic parameters, interfacial properties, aggregation number and Stern–Volmer constant were also evaluated. The IL 4-PyC8-gemini interactions were studied using DLS, FTIR and NMR spectroscopic techniques. The hydrodynamic diameter of the gemini aggregates in the presence of promethazine (PMZ) as a potential chiral pollutant and the IL 4-PyC8 underwent a transition when the drug was added, from large aggregates (270 nm) to small micelles, which supported the gemini:IL 4-PyC8:promethazine interaction. The structural transitions in the presence of promethazine may be used for designing systems that are responsive to changes in size and shape of the aggregates as an analytical signal for selective detection and binding pollutants.

Study of the molecular interaction of a phosphonium-based ionic liquid within myo-inositol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

“…Consequently, the outcome of every system has exhibited diverse particle morphologies that self-assemble as a result of a decrease in negative ζ potential values. 57 …”

Sustainable Phenylalanine-Derived SAILs for Solubilization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

“…Ionic liquids in general fulfil many of the 12 criteria as a green solvent related to the availability, price, recyclability, synthesis, toxicity, biodegradability, performance, stability, flammability, storage, and renewability [ 8 ]. Ionic liquids can offer a better alternative to volatile solvents, which has led to its massive use in industrial applications such as separation and purification, and as chemical catalysts, biorefinery concepts [ 3 ], extractions [ 1 ] and others [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]…”

“…Ionic liquids in general fulfil many of the 12 criteria as a green solvent related to the availability, price, recyclability, synthesis, toxicity, biodegradability, performance, stability, flammability, storage, and renewability [8]. Ionic liquids can offer a better alternative to volatile solvents, which has led to its massive use in industrial applications such as separation and purification, and as chemical catalysts, biorefinery concepts [3], extractions [1] and others [9][10][11][12] Recently, research studies have revealed that some of these ILs demonstrate a significant toxicity level [13,14]. Though the toxicity evaluations of ILs have been extensively reported in the literature, biodegradation data are comparatively limited [15].…”